Numerical simulation of blood flow and pressure drop in the pulmonary arterial and venous circulation

Qureshi, M. Umar; Vaughan, Gareth D. A.; Sainsbury, Christopher; Johnson, Martin; Peskin, Charles S.; Olufsen, Mette S.; Hill, Nicholas A.

doi:10.1007/s10237-014-0563-y

Cited by 108 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Moreover, contrary to Hess & Murray's result of an inverse scaling of the pressure gradient in successive branchings with δ (∆p/L = δ´1, see Equation (4)), radius-dependent slenderness factors are found experimentally: L/r = 15.75r 1.10 for arterioles with r ě 50 µm, 1.79r 0.47 for arterioles with r ď 50 µm, 14.54r for veins with r ď 2000 µm, [12,13]. Notice that the fundamental deviation of Huang's results [12] from the H-M law depend also on the different ordering of "successive branches" adopted therein, whose classification cannot be directly extended to capillary networks.…”

Section: A Brief Summary Of Experimental Results and Of Other Allometcontrasting

confidence: 45%

A Critical Reassessment of the Hess–Murray Law

Sciubba

2016

Entropy

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Abstract:The Hess-Murray law is a correlation between the radii of successive branchings in bi/trifurcated vessels in biological tissues. First proposed by the Swiss physiologist and Nobel laureate Walter Rudolf Hess in his 1914 doctoral thesis and published in 1917, the law was "rediscovered" by the American physiologist Cecil Dunmore Murray in 1926. The law is based on the assumption that blood or lymph circulation in living organisms is governed by a "work minimization" principle that-under a certain set of specified conditions-leads to an "optimal branching ratio" of. This "cubic root of 2" correlation underwent extensive theoretical and experimental reassessment in the second half of the 20th century, and the results indicate that-under a well-defined series of conditions-the law is sufficiently accurate for the smallest vessels (r of the order of fractions of millimeter) but fails for the larger ones; moreover, it cannot be successfully extended to turbulent flows. Recent comparisons with numerical investigations of branched flows led to similar conclusions. More recently, the Hess-Murray law came back into the limelight when it was taken as a founding paradigm of the Constructal Law, a theory that employs physical intuition and mathematical reasoning to derive "optimal paths" for the transport of matter and energy between a source and a sink, regardless of the mode of transportation (continuous, like in convection and conduction, or discrete, like in the transportation of goods and people). This paper examines the foundation of the law and argues that both for natural flows and for engineering designs, a minimization of the irreversibility under physically sound boundary conditions leads to somewhat different results. It is also shown that, in the light of an exergy-based resource analysis, an amended version of the Hess-Murray law may still hold an important position in engineering and biological sciences.

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Section: A Brief Summary Of Experimental Results and Of Other Allometcontrasting

confidence: 45%

A Critical Reassessment of the Hess–Murray Law

Sciubba

2016

Entropy

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“…Their results indicated that central aortic shunts of longer length and with angulations were easy to get clotted. Although there are a few studies on hemodynamics of coronary artery bypass grafts 13 and pulmonary arterial blood flow, 14 little attention was given to the simulation of small arteries, such as the radial artery and the dorsalis pedis artery. The method of radial artery point has been used by Chinese medicine for thousands of years, to obtain more information about human body and some diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Analysis of Blood Flow in Arteries of the Human Arm

Liu

Pan

et al. 2017

Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun.

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Arteries in the upper limb play important roles in the circulation system of the human body. In particular, the radial artery has received considerable attention in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Here, a 3D model for the arm arteries has been created uncomplicated, in a Chinese adult’s left hand, from the magnetic resonance imaging data, using professional modeling software to restore the basic structure of the arm artery in human body, before being imported to Ansys software for simulation. Blood model has been only simulated, and using the blood density of constant parameter and viscosity using the Carreau fluid model, and using viscous-laminar model of Fluent to obtain the velocity profile, static pressure and shear stress in the brachial, interosseous, ulnar, radial and palmar arch arteries. In particular, the brachial and bifurcations have the high pressure and velocity profiles. The simulation results obtained here are also validated by those published in the literature and proved the ulnar artery prevails over the radial artery as a blood supplier to the vessels in the wrist and hand.

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“…Starting with the model expanded to total lung capacity, the distribution of P e is calculated at each airway and acinus. Equation (A 11) is solved for the pressure drop along the airways, starting at the model periphery with P d as a boundary condition and assuming total (lung) expiratory flow rate of 0.01 l s 21 . Solution then progresses through the airways towards the trachea.…”

Section: Simulation Of Forced Expiration In Explicitly Branched Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sites of flow limitation are identified (defined as U greater than 99% of c), and the flows in a limited airway and all of its subtended airways are held fixed over the time interval for computation (taken here as 0.05 s). The total expiratory flow is incremented in steps of 0.01 l s 21 and pressure drop in all non-limited airways recomputed, until the maximal flow for the current geometry is reached. Lung volume is then decreased by the computed expired volume, P e is recomputed, and the process repeated.…”

Section: Simulation Of Forced Expiration In Explicitly Branched Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of generic and subject-specific models for simulation of pulmonary perfusion and forced expiration

2015

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One contribution of 11 to a theme issue 'Multiscale modelling in biomechanics: theoretical, computational and translational challenges'. The goal of translating multiscale model analysis of pulmonary function into population studies is challenging because of the need to derive a geometric model for each subject. This could be addressed by using a generic model with appropriate customization to subject-specific data. Here, we present a quantitative comparison of simulating two fundamental behaviours of the lung-its haemodynamic response to vascular occlusion, and the forced expiration in 1 s (FEV 1 ) following bronchoconstriction-in subject-specific and generic models. When the subjects are considered as a group, there is no significant difference between predictions of mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance or forced expiration; however, significant differences are apparent in the prediction of arterial oxygen, for both baseline and post-occlusion. Despite the apparent consistency of the generic and subject-specific models, a third of subjects had generic model under-prediction of the increase in mPAP following occlusion, and half had the decrease in arterial oxygen over-predicted; two subjects had considerable differences in the percentage reduction of FEV 1 following bronchoconstriction. The generic model approach can be useful for physiologically directed studies but is not appropriate for simulating pathophysiological function that is strongly dependent on interaction with lung structure.

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Numerical simulation of blood flow and pressure drop in the pulmonary arterial and venous circulation

Cited by 108 publications

References 64 publications

A Critical Reassessment of the Hess–Murray Law

A Critical Reassessment of the Hess–Murray Law

Simulation Analysis of Blood Flow in Arteries of the Human Arm

Comparison of generic and subject-specific models for simulation of pulmonary perfusion and forced expiration

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