Numerical simulation of compression testing according to DIN EN 12568 of steel toe caps for safety footwear

Dirksen, Nicole; Deters, Philipp; Peikenkamp, Klaus

doi:10.1080/19424280.2019.1606321

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A comparison between the Force-displacement (F-d) curve resulting from the compression test and the one obtained numerically is made in Figure 16. A similar trend for the same curve was obtained in Dirksen et al [31] and Costa et al [15]. In the F-d curve of the tested toe cap, the maximum loading displacement recorded at 15 kN was 6.12 mm and for the simulation curve was 5.79 mm.…”

Section: Quasi-static Compression Testsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Design optimization through computational modeling is reported for metallic [15,23,[27][28][29][30][31]] and non-metallic toe caps [19,21,25], resulting in a reduction of weight by 50% with thickness reduction compared to traditional solutions. Since the introduction of CAD/CAE tools, optimization of product design has been an ongoing pursuit.…”

Section: Category Of Footwearmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Compressive and Impact Behavior of Plastic Safety Toe Caps through Computational Modelling

et al. 2021

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Toe caps are one of the most important components in safety footwear, but have a significant contribution to the weight of the shoe. Efforts have been made to replace steel toe caps by polymeric ones, since they are lighter, insulated and insensitive to magnetic fields. Nevertheless, polymeric solutions require larger volumes, which has a negative impact on the shoe’s aesthetics. Therefore, safety footwear manufacturers are pursuing the development of an easy, low-cost and reliable solution to optimize this component. In this work, a solid mechanics toolbox built in the open-source computational library, OpenFOAM®, was used to simulate two laboratory standard tests (15 kN compression and 200 J impact tests). To model the polymeric material behavior, a neo-Hookean hyper-elasto-plastic material law with J2 plastic criteria was employed. A commercially available plastic toe cap was characterized, and the collected data was used for assessment purposes. Close agreements, between experimental and simulated values, were achieved for both tests, with an approximate error of 5.4% and 6.8% for the displacement value in compression and impact test simulations, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate that the employed open-source finite volume computational models offer reliable results and can support the design of toe caps for the R&D footwear industry.

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Section: Quasi-static Compression Testsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Category Of Footwearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Compressive and Impact Behavior of Plastic Safety Toe Caps through Computational Modelling

et al. 2021

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“…Toecap after the first impact Toecap after the second impact Toecap after the third impact Toecap after the fourth impact Toecap after the fifth impact their thickness and geometry with the aim of improving mechanical strength [1,5,[18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Intact Toecapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toecaps are widely used to protect workers' feet against the mechanical hazards present in the workplace. Specifically, they are placed in the front part of footwear to prevent crush trauma from falling objects [1][2][3]. Footwear with toecaps is used in many sectors of industry, especially in manufacturing, automotive service and repair, as well as warehousing and transportation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the mechanical strength and protective properties of polycarbonate toecaps subjected to repeated impacts simulating workplace conditions

Kropidłowska

Irzmańska

Zgórniak

et al. 2020

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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The objective of this work was to examine the mechanical strength properties of polycarbonate toecaps designed for commercially available protective footwear, subjected to repeated impacts simulating workplace conditions. The effects of impacts on the toecaps were expressed as the height of toecap clearance, which has a direct bearing on the safe use of protective footwear. Changes in toecap geometry were evaluated using an originally developed methodology taking into consideration the requirements of Standard No. EN ISO 22568-2:2019. Additionally, external and internal sides of toecaps were scanned in three dimensions after each impact and reverse engineering was used to analyze deformations in toecap geometry by comparing the shape of the toecaps before and after impact. Three-dimensional scanning made it possible to measure the remaining safe distance for toes between the footwear sole and the impacted toecap surface, which is an indicator of the protective properties and safety of toecaps during use.

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“…Such analyses can account for the dynamic phenomena resulting from the impact of freefalling objects. Computer simulation results make it possible to evaluate the protective properties of footwear and conduct further optimization [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Impact Resistance of Toecaps by the Finite Element Method: Preliminary Studies

Kropidłowska

Irzmańska

Gołębiowski

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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A key property in the manufacture of toecaps for protective footwear is resistance to impacts, deformations, and cracking, as the resulting defects may lead to serious workplace accidents involving the lower extremities. The present paper proposes a new approach to qualitative verification of toecap design based on numerical simulations of impact tests. Computational experiments were conducted for toecaps made from different materials (AISI 10450, S235, S355 and A36 steels, as well as Lexan polycarbonate) and characterized by different geometries, which were recreated by 3D scanning. The impact resistance of the toecaps was analyzed using a numerical model simulating an experimental impact test. The results were used to determine the location of critical stresses and to plot equivalent stress maps for the studied toecaps. The finite element analysis of the impact tests was carried out with an explicit elastoplastic finite element code: ANSYS (Ansys, Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) with the Explicit Dynamics module of the Workbench solver. The presented analysis of the impact resistance of toecaps by the finite element method for impact simulation may be used to optimize the spatial geometry of toecaps and to verify the construction of toecaps and the material deformations that may occur. In addition, it could eliminate unsuitable materials that are likely to undergo dangerous deformations, and draw attention to the deformation caused by the impact of the toecaps used in footwear in the working environment.

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Numerical simulation of compression testing according to DIN EN 12568 of steel toe caps for safety footwear

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Assessing the Compressive and Impact Behavior of Plastic Safety Toe Caps through Computational Modelling

Assessing the Compressive and Impact Behavior of Plastic Safety Toe Caps through Computational Modelling

Evaluation of the mechanical strength and protective properties of polycarbonate toecaps subjected to repeated impacts simulating workplace conditions

Analysis of the Impact Resistance of Toecaps by the Finite Element Method: Preliminary Studies

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