Numerical simulation of extreme dust storms in east of Iran by the WRF-Chem model

Karegar, Elham; Hamzeh, Nasim Hossein; Jamali, Javad Bodagh; Abadi, Abbas Ranjbar Saadat; Moeinaddini, Mazaher; Goshtasb, Hamid

doi:10.1007/s11069-019-03773-3

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Liu et al, 2020). Some numerical simulations for dust formation and transportation also confirmed that local or regional strong wind was a dynamical factor for dust location (Eltahan & Alahmadi, 2019;Karegar et al, 2019;Hossein et al, 2021;Uno et al, 2001;Yumimoto et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…As an extreme weather hazard, regional strong wind is usually associated with the formation of a cyclone in Mongolia and northern China (Y. Liu et al., 2020). Some numerical simulations for dust formation and transportation also confirmed that local or regional strong wind was a dynamical factor for dust location (Eltahan & Alahmadi, 2019; Karegar et al., 2019; Hossein et al., 2021; Uno et al., 2001; Yumimoto et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Anomaly Based Synoptic Analysis and Model Prediction of Six Dust Storms Moving From Mongolia to Northern China in Spring 2021

Qian

Leung²,

Ren

et al. 2022

JGR Atmospheres

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Six dust storms that originated from Mongolia and moved to northern China in Spring 2021 are investigated by the anomaly variable‐based analysis method, which is compared to the traditional total‐variable based analysis method. Strong surface wind is a force to form dust storms as commonly known in current practice. However, dust area depicted by total‐wind model product analysis and operational forecast has a large bias to observation even for leading 24 hr. The analysis method of anomaly based variables showed that the domain of an airborne dust storm observed from satellite images is usually located between two neighboring convergence lines of 850 hPa anomalous winds. This connection of dust storm associated with the anomalous wind convergence extends southwestward from an anomalous cyclone and moves from Mongolia to northern China or Northeast China. It is thermodynamically associated with an anomalous thermal contrast, which has a spatial structure of wind, temperature, and geopotential height anomalies in the troposphere. We further found that numerical weather prediction products of the ECMWF model are able to indicate the anomalous wind pattern with lead times of 4–8 days by applying the anomaly based analysis approach. Therefore, this approach can not only depict dust area better but also reveal predictors much easier compared to the traditional total‐variable or full‐field‐based analysis method.

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mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Anomaly Based Synoptic Analysis and Model Prediction of Six Dust Storms Moving From Mongolia to Northern China in Spring 2021

Qian

Leung²,

Ren

et al. 2022

JGR Atmospheres

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Section: Mesoscale Simulation Methods Of the Wind Field Laden With Ha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry coupled model (WRF-Chem) as a mesoscale meteorology model also has been widely used in forecasting strong dust events [28,30,68,72,73]. Karegar et al [72] simulated the haboob events in east of Iran by the WRF-Chem model. The model was run for 10 and 30 km spatial resolutions, and results revealed the formation of haboob was affected by local geographical properties especially topography features.…”

Section: Mesoscale Simulation Methods Of the Wind Field Laden With Ha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Triggering Mechanisms and Characteristics of Local Strong Sandstorms in China and Haboobs

Zhang

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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The local strong sandstorms (LSS), similar to haboobs in Sahara and the North America, often occur suddenly, in tens of minutes during the late afternoon, and before dusk in deserts in China, causing a significant impact on the local atmospheric environment. The Sudan haboob or American haboob often appears in the wet season, followed by thunderstorm events. In contrast, the LSS in China appears most frequently in relatively dry season. The lack of observational data in weather conditions before their formation, during their development and after their disappearance have hindered our understanding of the evolution mechanism of LSS/haboobs. This paper provides a review of the current status and model studies on LSS/haboobs in different time and space to characterize the weather conditions and triggering mechanisms for LSS/haboobs occurrence, as well as highlight the subject for further understanding of LSS/haboobs. LSS are always followed by the occurrence of a dry squall. The interaction of dust radiation heating in the near-surface mixing layer with a mesoscale anticyclone air mass (cold-air pool) in the upper layer is the key process that leads to an LSS. Haboobs are followed by the occurrence of a wet squall. The release of latent heat due to the condensation of water vapor, involving moist convection and cold downdraughts, is the main driving force that cause the occurrence of a haboob. For a better understanding of the characteristics of the wind-sand two-phase flow and the mechanism of energy dissipation in LSS/haboobs, further accumulation of meteorological observation data and small-scale multiple-phase numerical simulations are required.

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“…Additionally, Kargar et al [47] used the WRF-Chem model to numerically simulate extreme dust storms in eastern Iran. Farhadipoue et al [48] studied the severe dust storms in west and southwest Iran by the WRF-Chem model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Vertical Dust Flux Simulated by WRF-Chem Model with GOCART and AFWA Dust Emission Schemes (Case Study: Central Plateau of Iran)

et al. 2020

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Dust and sand storms are among the major threats to central Iran. These phenomena pose irreparable risks to natural ecosystems and human societies, including effects on health. In this study, the spatial and temporal pattern of vertical dust flux (VDF) was used to identify dust sources as well as areas with high potential for dust generation. To simulate VDF, two intense dust storms, from 21 February 2015 and 14 February 2018, were selected using synoptic data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. These dust storms were identified as responsible for a reduction of horizontal visibility to less than 1000 m, using remote sensing tools and Ackerman Dust Index. MODIS images show that these two storms covered most of Central Plateau of Iran. The Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) was used to simulate the storms, with either the Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) or Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) scheme to calculate VDF. Modeled vertical dust fluxes in both events indicate that the Arabian deserts in Saudi Arabia and in southwestern Iran can be identified as main sources of the dust in the central Iranian plateau. The other source of dust is the Hirmand Basin, located in the country of Afghanistan and in the southeast of Iran. The results of VDF simulations indicate that central southeast Iran could be the main dust source of internal origin. Additionally, over seasonal wetlands in Iran, the amount of VDF was simulated to be sometimes over 4000 μg/(m2s), an indication that these areas are sensitive to wind erosion in dry conditions and can be a source of dust. The WRF-Chem results were compared with the horizontal visibility measured in synoptic stations in the area. The results showed that the coefficients of determination of GOCART results with the measured horizontal visibility on 21 February 2015 and 14 February 2018 were 0.72 and 0.76, respectively, while the coefficient values from the simulations with AFWA scheme on 21 February 2015 and 14 February 2018 with the measured horizontal visibility were lower, 0.44 and 0.50, respectively. Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA2) re-analysis data also showed timing of peak dust levels consistent with the GOCART scheme.

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Numerical simulation of extreme dust storms in east of Iran by the WRF-Chem model

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Anomaly Based Synoptic Analysis and Model Prediction of Six Dust Storms Moving From Mongolia to Northern China in Spring 2021

Anomaly Based Synoptic Analysis and Model Prediction of Six Dust Storms Moving From Mongolia to Northern China in Spring 2021

An Overview of Triggering Mechanisms and Characteristics of Local Strong Sandstorms in China and Haboobs

Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Vertical Dust Flux Simulated by WRF-Chem Model with GOCART and AFWA Dust Emission Schemes (Case Study: Central Plateau of Iran)

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