Numerical Simulation of Extrudate Swell Problem and Evaluation of Applicability of Viscoelastic Constitutive Models. 1. A Study on Axisymmetric Extrudate Swell from a Straight Die.

Abstract

Numerical simulations of axisymmetric extrudate swell for a low density polyethyrene (LDPE IUPAC-A) melt were carried out using the K-BKZ model as an integral type and the PTT and Larson models as a differential type. We employed both the reversible and irreversible models for the K-BKZ and Larson models to investigate the effect of reversing deformation on the extrudate swell from a straight die. First, relaxation spectrum and nonlinear parameters in the constitutive equation were determined from dynamic data of linear viscoelasticity and steady shear flow data by using the nonlinear regression, and then they were applied to the simulation of extrudate swell problem. We evaluated the applicability of these models by comparing experiments and simulation for both rheological data and extrudate swell ratio. For the K-BKZ model, the reversible model over-estimates the swell ratio in high shear rate, whereas the irreversible model predicts the experimental data with high accuracy. The irreversible Larson model also shows the good prediction of swell, on the other hand, the reversible one over-estimates the swell and there exists the multiple solutions.For the PTT model, we carried out the simulation using the models with different values of nonlinear parameter, ε , which has the same steady shear flow properties and the different properties of stress relaxation under reversing double step deformation. The model having the larger stress in the stress relaxation under reversing double step deformation shows the larger swell. From these results, we find that the consideration of reversing deformation characteristics is required for the extrudate swell from the straight die.

Effect of carbon fiber on the capillary extrusion behaviors of high-density polyethylene

“…The vertical axis is the swell ratio of PE/CF normalized by the swell ratio SR PE of the PE matrix. The ideal value SR ideal calculated from SR PE and the content f [vol%] of CF using equation (2) was presented in Figure 8 to confirm the volume reduction effect on PE caused by the addition of CF, given that the CF component hardly swells.…”

“…This behavior, called extrudate swell or the Barus effect, is one of the important viscoelastic responses of polymer melts because this behavior has a key role in the processability of polymers in the extrusion process. Numerous theoretical [1][2][3][4] and experimental studies [5][6][7] on extrudate swell have been conducted. It is well understood from the previous work that the elastic component has a very significant effect on the extrudate swell because the extruded material expands via elastic recovery at the die exit.…”

Numerical simulation of polymer foaming process in extrusion flow

“…They concluded that the irreversible Wagner model can predict extrudate swell ratio satisfactorily in both converging and long dies. Kajiwara et al (2000) undertook a more extensive work using KBKZ, Larson and EPTT models to study the effects of irreversibility of deformation on the extrudate swell of a viscoelastic fluid in a straight die. The irreversible KBKZ and Larson models gave better predictions of the die-swell ratio than the reversible models as already found in the works of Goublomme et al (1992).…”