Numerical simulation of germanium selenide heterojunction solar cell

Abstract

One of the research hotspots in thin film solar cell technology is to seek the suitable absorber layer materials to replace cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium selenium. Recently, germanium selenide (GeSe) with excellent photoelectric property has entered the field of vision of photovoltaic researchers. The main factors affecting the performance of heterojunction solar cell are the material properties of each functional layer, the device configuration, and the interface characteristics at the heterostructure. In this study, we exploited GeSe as the absorber layer, assembled with stable TiO<sub>2</sub> as electron transport layer and Cu<sub>2</sub>O as hole transport layer, respectively, to construct a heterojunction solar cell with the FTO/TiO<sub>2</sub>/GeSe/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/Metal structure. The TiO<sub>2</sub> and Cu<sub>2</sub>O can form small spike-like conduction band offset and valence band offset with the absorber layer, respectively, which do not hinder majority carrier transport but can effectively suppress carrier recombination at the heterointerface. Subsequently, the wxAMPS software was used to simulate and analyze the effects of functional layer material parameters, heterointerface characteristics, and operating temperature on the performance parameters of the proposed solar cell. Considering the practical application, the relevant material parameters were selected carefully. After optimization, at 300 K, the proposed GeSe heterojunction solar cell has reached an open circuit voltage of 0.752 V, a short circuit current of 40.71 mAcm<sup>-2</sup>, a filling factor of 82.89%, and a conversion efficiency of 25.39%. The results anticipate that the GeSe based heterojunction solar cell with a structure of FTO/TiO<sub>2</sub>/GeSe/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/Au have the potential to become a high-efficiency, low toxicity, and low-cost photovoltaic device. Simulation analysis also provides some reference for the design and preparation of heterojunction solar cell.