Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Leakage from Fuel Cell Vehicle in an Outdoor Parking Garage

Shen, Yahao; Zheng, Tao; Lv, Hong; Zhou, Wei; Zhang, Cunman

doi:10.3390/wevj12030118

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Niaz et al [14] focused on various hydrogen producing and storing methods for creating a hydrogen economy. When considering the impact of hydrogen on the environment, the focus rests on issues related to the leakage of hydrogen [19][20][21][22][23][24]. For example, Li et al [19] and Shen et al [20] investigated the safety of hydrogen fuel cells by a numerical simulation of hydrogen leakage from fuel cell ship and vehicle, while Gye et al [21] assessed the risk of an urban hydrogen refuelling station.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When considering the impact of hydrogen on the environment, the focus rests on issues related to the leakage of hydrogen [19][20][21][22][23][24]. For example, Li et al [19] and Shen et al [20] investigated the safety of hydrogen fuel cells by a numerical simulation of hydrogen leakage from fuel cell ship and vehicle, while Gye et al [21] assessed the risk of an urban hydrogen refuelling station. The pathways of hydrogen use have received little attention in research or policy, which may be explained by the common belief that nothing but water is released as a by-product when hydrogen energy is used, a belief that is only true for the fuel cells pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Energy Demand Growth Prediction and Assessment (2021–2050) Using a System Thinking and System Dynamics Approach

et al. 2022

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Adoption of hydrogen energy as an alternative to fossil fuels could be a major step towards decarbonising and fulfilling the needs of the energy sector. Hydrogen can be an ideal alternative for many fields compared with other alternatives. However, there are many potential environmental challenges that are not limited to production and distribution systems, but they also focus on how hydrogen is used through fuel cells and combustion pathways. The use of hydrogen has received little attention in research and policy, which may explain the widely claimed belief that nothing but water is released as a by-product when hydrogen energy is used. We adopt systems thinking and system dynamics approaches to construct a conceptual model for hydrogen energy, with a special focus on the pathways of hydrogen use, to assess the potential unintended consequences, and possible interventions; to highlight the possible growth of hydrogen energy by 2050. The results indicate that the combustion pathway may increase the risk of the adoption of hydrogen as a combustion fuel, as it produces NOx, which is a key air pollutant that causes environmental deterioration, which may limit the application of a combustion pathway if no intervention is made. The results indicate that the potential range of global hydrogen demand is rising, ranging from 73 to 158 Mt in 2030, 73 to 300 Mt in 2040, and 73 to 568 Mt in 2050, depending on the scenario presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Energy Demand Growth Prediction and Assessment (2021–2050) Using a System Thinking and System Dynamics Approach

et al. 2022

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“…These insights offer practical implications for enhancing safety protocols and designing efficient mitigation strategies in HRS, emphasizing the significance of considering wind conditions in the operation management of hydrogen safety. Shen et al [40] investigated hydrogen leakages from HVs in outdoor car parks, considering different hydrogen leak diameters and parking configurations. The results underscore the significance of considering both leak size and parking layout as crucial factors in effectively mitigating the potential hazards of hydrogen leakage in outdoor car parks.…”

Section: State Of the Art Review On Hydrogen Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Safe and Sustainable Hydrogen Mobility: Circular Economy-Driven Management of Hydrogen Vehicle Safety

Yazdi,

Moradi,

Pirbalouti

et al. 2023

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Hydrogen vehicles, encompassing fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), are pivotal within the UK’s energy landscape as it pursues the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. By markedly diminishing dependence on fossil fuels, FCEVs, including hydrogen vehicles, wield substantial influence in shaping the circular economy (CE). Their impact extends to optimizing resource utilization, enabling zero-emission mobility, facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources, supplying adaptable energy storage solutions, and interconnecting diverse sectors. The widespread adoption of hydrogen vehicles accelerates the UK’s transformative journey towards a sustainable CE. However, to fully harness the benefits of this transition, a robust investigation and implementation of safety measures concerning hydrogen vehicle (HV) use are indispensable. Therefore, this study takes a holistic approach, integrating quantitative risk assessment (QRA) and an adaptive decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) framework as pragmatic instruments. These methodologies ensure both the secure deployment and operational excellence of HVs. The findings underscore that the root causes of HV failures encompass extreme environments, material defects, fuel cell damage, delivery system impairment, and storage system deterioration. Furthermore, critical driving factors for effective safety intervention revolve around cultivating a safety culture, robust education/training, and sound maintenance scheduling. Addressing these factors is pivotal for creating an environment conducive to mitigating safety and risk concerns. Given the intricacies of conducting comprehensive hydrogen QRAs due to the absence of specific reliability data, this study dedicates attention to rectifying this gap. A sensitivity analysis encompassing a range of values is meticulously conducted to affirm the strength and reliability of our approach. This robust analysis yields precise, dependable outcomes. Consequently, decision-makers are equipped to discern pivotal underlying factors precipitating potential HV failures. With this discernment, they can tailor safety interventions that lay the groundwork for sustainable, resilient, and secure HV operations. Our study navigates the intersection of HVs, safety, and sustainability, amplifying their importance within the CE paradigm. Using the careful amalgamation of QRA and DEMATEL methodologies, we chart a course towards empowering decision-makers with the insights to steer the hydrogen vehicle domain to safer horizons while ushering in an era of transformative, eco-conscious mobility.

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“…With respect to different wind speeds and directions, it suggested that the farthest harmful and lethal distance are about 35.7m and 18.8m. Similarly, a study on the hydrogen leakage for 70 MPa storage tanks can provide a valuable reference [11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety evaluation on devices of high-pressure hydrogen refueling stations

Shi

He²,

Wang³

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Hydrogen refuelling stations are established in various places nowadays. With the development on the hydrogen refuelling under higher pressures, the risk of hydrogen leakage on the devices, specifically the compressor and the dispenser, draws increasing concerns for these stations. In this paper, different cases of hydrogen leakage and combustion are evaluated for these devices with respect to various conditions, based the prototypes designed for a high-pressure hydrogen refuelling station in China. The results show that the limited hydrogen flow in the compressor ensures that no serious accident will occur after leakage. As for the dispenser, the cases for internal leakage on the main tube and the external leakage on the nozzle hose are studied and compared. According to the results, the harmful and lethal distances are obtained. Also, the effect of wind speed on the gas diffusion field and the temperature field are quantified by the simulation. It can be stated that the severity of ignition will increase with consideration of the wind. The results can be beneficial to the timely detection of the possible hydrogen leakage of the devices, and to the optimized layouts for the design of stations.

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Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Leakage from Fuel Cell Vehicle in an Outdoor Parking Garage

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Hydrogen Energy Demand Growth Prediction and Assessment (2021–2050) Using a System Thinking and System Dynamics Approach

Hydrogen Energy Demand Growth Prediction and Assessment (2021–2050) Using a System Thinking and System Dynamics Approach

Enabling Safe and Sustainable Hydrogen Mobility: Circular Economy-Driven Management of Hydrogen Vehicle Safety

Safety evaluation on devices of high-pressure hydrogen refueling stations

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