Numerical simulation of nonequilibrium condensation in a hypersonic wind tunnel

Perrell, Eric; Erickson, W. D.; Candler, Graham V.

doi:10.2514/3.784

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Note also, that the Kantrowitz correction factor used in [9] only accounts for the heat transfer between the vapor and the clusters and is of the order of unity while both our and empirical correction factors can reach several orders of magnitude, as we will see further.…”

Section: Classical Nucleation Theorymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…All the abovementioned works [1], [2], [9]- [11] implement time discretization to solve the gas-dynamics equations so that clusters of local critical size are being added with the local nucleation rate to the computational domain at each time step. The somewhat subtle justification for the adding of clusters of critical size and not smaller clusters is that the critical-size clusters will preferentially grow further while the smaller clusters will preferentially decay.…”

Section: Application Of Cnt To Isobaric/isothermal Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Errors, resulting from the coupling of such rate equations with the gas-dynamics equations are only due to the reaction models. The traditional practice of coupling CNT and gas dynamics, however, is based on the use of the steady-state nucleation rate instead [1], [2], [9]- [11]. It is our goal to show that the traditional approach may lead to significant errors in addition to the errors related to the rate models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applicability of the Homogeneous Nucleation Theory to the Condensation in Free Gas Expansions

Zeifman

Zhong

Levin

2005

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The traditional application of the classical homogeneous nucleation theory (CNT) to the condensation in rapidly expanding flows involves the use of the steady-state nucleation rate. Since this rate is derived under the assumption of both steady-state and isobaric/isothermal conditions, the applicability of CNT to highly nonequilibrium environments may be questionable. In addition, the usual strategy of CNT -gas dynamics coupling violates the original nucleation theory even in the isothermal/isobaric environment. In this study, we consider condensation in jets freely expanding into a vacuum. Using the isentropic solution, we approximate the time-dependent pressure and temperature in a given small volume of a gas that is moving along the jet axis with the flow velocity. Several possible strategies of CNT implementation are considered within this volume. It is shown that the terminal cluster distributions are strongly affected by the steady-state assumption and that the original CNT rate equations should be integrated into a computational scheme to model the coupled condensation flow.

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Section: Classical Nucleation Theorymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Application Of Cnt To Isobaric/isothermal Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applicability of the Homogeneous Nucleation Theory to the Condensation in Free Gas Expansions

Zeifman

Zhong

Levin

2005

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…CNT has been previously applied to continuum flow calculations. [16] • Nucleation is inherently a kinetic process, hence the coupling with a kinetic model for flows, DSMC, is an important step. Prior to this all homogenous condensation modeling for rarefied conditions has been performed for a homogenous, uniform gas.…”

Section: Work In Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Models and Computational Tools for the Study of Space-Based Micro Propulsion Systems

Levin¹

2004

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, inc AFRL-SR-AR-TR-05-gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send c of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington H (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should t _ ., subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid g-\ r /"JTU

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“…[10][11][12] For instance, Zhong et al 13 studied homogeneous condensation in supersonic plumes using the DSMC method without tackling the impact on the vapor phase. One exception is the work of Perrell et al, 14 who developed a continuum-based approach for calculating supersonic, two-dimensional nozzle flows, including "heating" caused by the phase change although the continuum-based approach is questionable as a method to correctly predict the flow field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Simulation of Gas Expansion and Condensation in Supersonic Jets

Sun

Boyd

Tatum

2004

37th AIAA Thermophysics Conference

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The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to simulate the flow created prior to formation of a Z-pinch in the Nuclear Weapons Effects (NWE) Decade facility at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC). The simulation domain and the inflow boundary conditions are determined on the basis of a continuum-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The DSMC simulation shows that the rapid expansion of the argon gas in the dual shell, concentric annular nozzle leads to large supersaturated regions. A homogeneous condensation model is then proposed for the DSMC simulation to include the effects of the nucleation and condensation, which explains the principal differences between the simulation results and available experimental data.

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Numerical simulation of nonequilibrium condensation in a hypersonic wind tunnel

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Applicability of the Homogeneous Nucleation Theory to the Condensation in Free Gas Expansions

Applicability of the Homogeneous Nucleation Theory to the Condensation in Free Gas Expansions

Development of Models and Computational Tools for the Study of Space-Based Micro Propulsion Systems

Particle Simulation of Gas Expansion and Condensation in Supersonic Jets

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