Numerical simulation of particle deposition in the human nasal cavity

Ganimedov, V. L.; Muchnaya, M. I.

doi:10.1134/s0869864320020122

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The steady flow replaced the asymmetric cycle simulation for nonstationary flow. The volumetric flow rates were used as the combinations of maximum and average flow rates during inhalation [19]. The CFD simulation during inhalation and exhalation with prescribed wall motion by magnetic resonance imaging provides new insight into the realistic flow behaviors of breathing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Flow during Inhale and Exhale to Characterize the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient

Faizal¹,

Khor²,

Yaakob³

et al. 2023

Computer Modeling in Engineering &Amp; Sciences

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This paper aims to investigate and present the numerical investigation of airflow characteristics using Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) to characterize the upper airway with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) under inhale and exhale breathing conditions. The importance of TKE under both breathing conditions is that it show an accurate method in expressing the severity of flow in sleep disorder. Computational fluid dynamics simulate the upper airway's airflow via steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) with k-ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The three-dimensional (3D) airway model is created based on the CT scan images of an actual patient, meshed with 1.29 million elements using Materialise Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) and ANSYS software, respectively. High TKE were noticed around the region after the necking (smaller cross-sectional area) during the inhale and exhale breathing. The turbulent kinetic energy could be used as a valuable measure to identify the severity of OSA. This study is expected to provide a better understanding and clear visualization of the airflow characteristics during the inhale and exhale breathing in the upper airway of patients for medical practitioners in the OSA research field.

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Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Flow during Inhale and Exhale to Characterize the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient

Faizal¹,

Khor²,

Yaakob³

et al. 2023

Computer Modeling in Engineering &Amp; Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The nonstationary flow was represented by a steady flow, replacing the asymmetric cycle simulation. The volumetric flow rates encompassed maximum and average rates during inhalation [19]. Utilizing CFD simulation, with wall motion guided by magnetic resonance imaging, during both inhalation and exhalation offers novel perspectives on the authentic flow dynamics of breathing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Varied Cross-Sectional Areas in Sleep Apnea Individuals across Diverse Situations

Faizal,

Khor,

Shahrin

et al. 2024

Computation

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical condition that impacts a significant portion of the population. To better understand this condition, research has been conducted on inhaling and exhaling breathing airflow parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach and an SST turbulence model have been utilized to simulate the upper airway airflow. A 3D airway model has been created using advanced software such as the Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) and ANSYS. The aim of the research was to fill this gap by conducting a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to investigate the influence of cross-sectional areas on airflow characteristics during inhale and exhale breathing in OSA patients. The lack of detailed understanding of how the cross-sectional area of the airways affects OSA patients and the airflow dynamics in the upper airway is the primary problem addressed by this research. The simulations revealed that the cross-sectional area of the airway has a notable impact on velocity, Reynolds number, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). TKE, which measures turbulence flow in different breathing scenarios among patients, could potentially be utilized to assess the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This research found a vital correlation between maximum pharyngeal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and cross-sectional areas in OSA patients, with a variance of 29.47%. Reduced cross-sectional area may result in a significant TKE rise of roughly 10.28% during inspiration and 10.18% during expiration.

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Mathematical Model of Airflow and Solid Particles Transport in The Human Nasal Cavity

Трусов¹,

Зайцева²,

Tsinker³

et al. 2021

Math.Biol.Bioinf.

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As part of the mathematical model of the human respiratory system, a submodel is considered for the study of the non-steady airflow with solid particles (suspended particulate matter (PM) / dust particles) and the deposition of particles of various sizes in the human nasal cavity. It is assumed that the nasal cavity is divided by the bone-cartilaginous septum into two symmetrical (relative to the nasal septum) parts; the average geometry of the right part of the human nasal cavity is considered. The inhaled air is considered as a multiphase mixture of homogeneous single-component gas and solid dust particles. The Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to modeling the motion of a multiphase mixture is used: a viscous liquid model is used to describe the motion of the carrier gas phase; the carried phase (dust particles) is modeled as separate inclusions of various sizes. The process of heating the inhaled air due to its contact with the walls is also taken into account. The features of the unsteady flow of a multiphase air mixture with dust particles were obtained using Ansys CFX for several scenarios. It has been noted that when studying the airflow in the nasal cavity, it is necessary to take into account the presence of turbulence, for which it is proposed to use the k-ω model. The velocity fields of inhaled air in the nasal cavity have been obtained; presented temperature distributions in the nasal cavity at different time points; made estimates of air heating at different temperatures of inhaled air; gave estimates of the proportion of deposited particles in the nasal cavity depending on the particle size for real machine-building production; presented trajectories of movement of suspended particles. Thus, it is shown that more than 99.7 % of particles with a diameter of more than 10 microns deposit in the human nasal cavity; as the particle diameter and mass decrease, the proportion of deposited particles decreases. Suspended particles with a size of less than 2.5 microns almost do not deposit in the nasal cavity. They can penetrate deeper into the lower airways and lungs of a person with the inhaled air and, having fibrogenic and toxic effect, can cause diseases. The results obtained are in good agreement with the results of individual studies performed by other scientists. Further development of the model involves studying airflow in the human lungs and modeling the formation of diseases caused by the harmful effects of environmental factors (including dust particles) entering the human body by inhalation.

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Numerical simulation of particle deposition in the human nasal cavity

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Flow during Inhale and Exhale to Characterize the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient

Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Flow during Inhale and Exhale to Characterize the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Varied Cross-Sectional Areas in Sleep Apnea Individuals across Diverse Situations

Mathematical Model of Airflow and Solid Particles Transport in The Human Nasal Cavity

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