“…Extensions to 3D were presented in [16,17,18] and further improved to handle crack initiation and propagation in [19] and multiple cracks [20]. Other applications include multiple crack growth in brittle materials [21], crack growth in shells and plates [22], cohesive crack growth [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,11], bi-material interface cracks [30], holes and inclusions [31,32], brittle fracture in Polycrystalline Microstructures [33], shear bands [34] and, finally, contact problems [35]. Multiscale work has been performed with micro-macro crack models based on the LATIN methods (LArge Time INcrement method) in [36].…”