Numerical simulation of quasi-steady, single aluminum particle combustion in air

Liang, Yongjun; Beckstead, M. W.

doi:10.2514/6.1998-254

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Since the original model [14] was a steady-state calculation, the particle burning time had to be approximated from the aluminum vaporization time. It was assumed that the steady-state vaporization rate of aluminum represented the initial vaporization rate and that thereafter the vaporization rate was proportional to the fraction of original aluminum remaining.…”

Section: Modeling Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Beckstead

Liang

Pudduppakkam

2005

Combust Explos Shock Waves

144

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A two-dimensional, unsteady-state, kinetic-diffusion-vaporization-controlled numerical model for aluminum particle combustion is presented. The model solves the conservation equations, while accounting for species generation and destruction with a 15-reaction kinetic mechanism. Two of the major phenomena that differentiate aluminum combustion from hydrocarbon-droplet combustion, namely, condensation of the aluminum-oxide product and subsequent deposition of part of the condensed oxide onto the particle, are accounted for in detail with a submodel for each phenomenon. The effect of the oxide cap in the distortion of the species and temperature profiles around the particle is included into the model. The results obtained from the model, which include two-dimensional species and temperature profiles, are analyzed and compared with experimental data. The combustion process is found to approach a diffusion-controlled process for the oxidizers (O 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O) and conditions treated. The flame-zone location and thickness are found to vary with the oxidizer. The result shows that the exponent of the particle-diameter dependence of the burning time is not a constant and changes from ≈1.2 for smaller-diameter particles to ≈1.9 for larger-diameter particles. Owing to deposition of the aluminum oxide onto the particle surface, the particle velocity oscillates. The effect of pressure is analyzed for a few oxidizers. Key words: aluminum particle, two-dimensional unsteady-state numerical model, kinetic mechanism, effect of the nature of the gaseous oxidizer, condensed oxide, oxide dissociation, oxide cap, burning time, species and temperature fields INTRODUCTIONAluminum has been added to propellants for many years as an extra energy source for the propellant. Thus, research on the combustion mechanism of burning aluminum has been an ongoing effort. A very significant effort was expended in the 1960s and 1970s shortly after the effects of aluminum were first conceived. In an early study, Glassman [1] and Brzustowski and Glassman [2] recognized that metal combustion would be analogous to hydrocarbon-droplet combustion, that the D 2 law ought to be applied, and that ignition and combustion ought to depend on the melting and boiling points of the metal and the oxide. Glassman speculated that ig-

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Section: Modeling Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present paper summarizes a series of articles [14][15][16][17] describing the numerical simulations of aluminum-particle combustion in both laboratory and rocket-motor conditions, i.e., high pressures and CO 2 and H 2 O environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Beckstead

Liang

Pudduppakkam

2005

Combust Explos Shock Waves

144

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“…Beckstead and 844 A. Rai et al coworkers [4][5][6][7][8] have developed a two-dimensional, unsteady state, evaporation-diffusionkinetics controlled numerical model to describe the oxidation of aluminium particles. Yetter et al [9,10] have worked extensively on combustion of aluminium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the mechanism of aluminium nanoparticle oxidation

Rai

Park

Zhou

et al. 2006

Combustion Theory and Modelling

325

197

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“…They also found other isomers, but those were all 30 kcal/mol or more above the linear isomer. A recent aluminum particle combustion model [14] included the condensation of gaseous alumina to form liquid alumina. Calculations have been performed here for the linear OAlOAlO structure and the planar C 2v structure briefly described above.…”

Section: Al 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical reaction rates were assumed to be infinitely large [9 -13]. However, more recent analyses of the process have provided models that include finite chemical reaction rates [14,15]. The combustion process involved is complicated and therefore not easily modeled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemistry of aluminum species for combustion modeling from Ab Initio molecular orbital calculations

Swihart

Catoire

2000

Combustion and Flame

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High accuracy ab initio methods for computational thermochemistry have been applied to aluminum compounds expected to be present during combustion of aluminum particles. The computed enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K agree well with experimental values from the literature for AlCl, AlCl 3 , AlO, AlOAl, linear OAlO, planar Al 2 O 2 , AlOH, AlH, and AlN. The agreement is fair for AlCl 2 . Major revisions to the recommended thermochemistry must be considered for OAlCl, OAlH, OAlOH, and AlC. This is not surprising since the thermodynamic data for OAlCl, OAlH, OAlOH, and AlC are given in the literature as rough estimates. Calculated thermochemical data are also presented for several species never studied experimentally, including AlH 2 , AlH 3 , AlOO, cyclic-AlO 2 , linear AlOAlO, AlHCl, AlHCl 2 , and others. Based on the performance of the CBS-Q and G2 methods observed in other systems, the calculated enthalpies of formation would be expected to be accurate to within Ϯ1 to 2 kcal mol Ϫ1 . However, relatively large differences between the results from the CBS-Q and G2 methods for the aluminum oxides indicate that the uncertainties are slightly larger for these compounds. The thermochemistry proposed here is shown to predict substantially different equilibrium composition from the thermochemistry previously available in the literature.

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Numerical simulation of quasi-steady, single aluminum particle combustion in air

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Understanding the mechanism of aluminium nanoparticle oxidation

Thermochemistry of aluminum species for combustion modeling from Ab Initio molecular orbital calculations

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