Numerical simulation of real debris-flow events

Fraccarollo, Luigi; Papa, Maria Nicolina

doi:10.1016/s1464-1909(00)00098-8

Cited by 57 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The model satisfactorily captures height and shape of the waves, but it underestimates their duration, overestimating as a consequence, their number. Results are, however, encouraging and comparable with those obtained by Fraccarollo and Papa [16] and Zanuttigh and Lamberti [18].…”

Section: Non-cylindrical Rectangular Channel Test This Test Case Prosupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The rheological model adopted for simulations is the Herschel-Bulkley model (eqn (48)). Referring to the simulations carried out by Fraccarollo and Papa [16] on the same event, K is assumed to be 150 Pa·s 1/3 , t c is equal to 925 N/m 2 , and h has been empirically set equal to 1/3.…”

Section: Non-cylindrical Rectangular Channel Test This Test Case Promentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finite volume schemes are largely diffused in mud-fl ows treatment [15][16][17][18], and, among Riemann solvers, the Roe's approximation is often preferred [15,17]. The presented model uses the same approach, paying careful attention in conserving a general formulation suitable for channels of complex geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical modelling of catastrophic events produced by mud or debris flows

Schippa¹,

Pavan²

2011

Int. J. SAFE

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Mud and debris fl ows are natural phenomena representing serious hazard for population and structures in mountain zones, because of their rapid occurrence and the diffi culty in forecasting the phenomena initiation. Numerical models can however be useful in predicting the peak discharge and the strength of fl owing mass, helping administrations in preparing risk mitigation measures. In this work, a numerical model for hyperconcentrated fl ows is presented. It is based on shallow water equations, with a particular source terms treatment which translates into an increased numerical stability and makes the model highly versatile. The test case applications focus on some fundamental characteristics necessary for debris-and mud-fl ow representation. In particular, classic dam-break problems have been used to test wave celerity and wet-dry fronts propagation, while a mud-fl ow dam-break problem has been chosen to investigate model sensibility to different rheological schemes. Then, the model has been applied to two real events that occurred in Northern Italy. The fi rst one is a debris fl ow which took place at Acquabona, near Cortina d'Ampezzo. This event is extensively documented, since it has been observed by a monitoring station prepared by the University of Padua. The second one is a tragic event, during which the little town of Stava has been stricken by a destructive mud fl ow caused by the collapse of two earth dams.

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Section: Non-cylindrical Rectangular Channel Test This Test Case Prosupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Non-cylindrical Rectangular Channel Test This Test Case Promentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical modelling of catastrophic events produced by mud or debris flows

Schippa¹,

Pavan²

2011

Int. J. SAFE

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“…2 D empirical models like LAHARZ [29], DFLOWZ [5], TopRunDF [49] or TopFLowDF [50] provide a quick view on potential endangered areas and have been applied for several hazard analyses [17,21,40,45,54]. More complex simulation models in engineering practice are based on an "equivalent fluid" approach [25], routing such mass flows in one or two dimensions along the talweg or over a digital elevation model solving depth averaged flow equations [11,16,26,35,36,39]. Such models, like DAN3D [25], Flo2D [39], RAMMS [11] or SAMOS [47], are physically based and consider the momentum or energy conservation of the flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation concepts to compare observed and simulated deposition areas of mass movements

2017

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The simulation of geophysical mass flows, including debris flows, rock and snow avalanches, has become an important tool in engineering hazard assessment. Especially the runout and deposition behaviour of observed and expected mass flows are of interest. When being confronted with the evaluation of model performance and sensitivity, there are no standard, objective approaches. In this contribution, we review methods that have been used in literature and outline a new approach to quantitatively compare 2D simulations of observed and simulated deposition pattern. Our proposed method is based on the comparison of normalized partial areas which can be plotted in a ternary diagram to visualize the degree of over-and under-estimation. Results can be summed up by a single metric between -1 (no fit) and 1 (perfect fit). This study shall help developers and end-users of simulation models to better understand model behaviour and provides a possibility for comparison of model results, independent of simulation platform and type of mass flow.

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“…Many researchers have developed rheological models for mudflows and debris flows. Theses models can be classified as: Newtonian models (Johnson, 1970;Trunk et al, 1986;Hunt, 1994;Hungr, 1995;Rickenmann, 1999), Bingham model (Johnson, 1970;O'Brien and Julien, 1988;Liu and Mei, 1989;Jan, 1997;Whipple, 1997;Fraccarollo and Papa, 2000;Pastor et al, 2004), Herschel-Bulkley model García, 1997, 1998;Imran et al, 2001;Remaître et al, 2005;Rickenmann et al, 2006), generalized viscoplastic model (Chen, 1988), dilatant fluid models (Bagnold, 1954;Takahashi, 1978Takahashi, , 1991Mainali and Rajaratnam, 1994), dispersive or turbulent stress models (Arai and Takahashi, 1986;O'Brien and Julien, 1988;Hunt, 1994), biviscous modified Bingham model (Dent and Lang, 1983), and frictional models (Iverson, 1997;Chen and Lee, 1999;Arattano and Franzi, 2003;Pastor et al, 2004;Rickenmann et al, 2006;Naef et al, 2006). Takahashi and Tsujimoto (1984) presented a twodimensional finite difference model for debris flows based on a dilatant-fluid model coupled with coulomb flow resistance, and modified the model to include turbulence (Taka-hashi et al, 1991(Taka-hashi et al, , 1992.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-based two-dimensional numerical simulation of rainfall-induced debris flow

Wang

Esaki

2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper aims to present a useful numerical method to simulate the propagation and deposition of debris flow across the three dimensional complex terrain. A depth-averaged two-dimensional numerical model is developed, in which the debris and water mixture is assumed to be continuous, incompressible, unsteady flow. The model is based on the continuity equations and Navier-Stokes equations. Raster grid networks of digital elevation model in GIS provide a uniform grid system to describe complex topography. As the raster grid can be used as the finite difference mesh, the continuity and momentum equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method. The numerical model is applied to simulate the rainfall-induced debris flow occurred in 20 July 2003, in Minamata City of southern Kyushu, Japan. The simulation reproduces the propagation and deposition and the results are in good agreement with the field investigation. The synthesis of numerical method and GIS makes possible the solution of debris flow over a realistic terrain, and can be used to estimate the flow range, and to define potentially hazardous areas for homes and road section.

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Numerical simulation of real debris-flow events

Cited by 57 publications

References 9 publications

Numerical modelling of catastrophic events produced by mud or debris flows

Numerical modelling of catastrophic events produced by mud or debris flows

Evaluation concepts to compare observed and simulated deposition areas of mass movements

GIS-based two-dimensional numerical simulation of rainfall-induced debris flow

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