Abstract:This paper presents preliminary results from a computer program for simulating ship maneuvering in ice covered waters. The program is derived from two programs, Ship Maneuvering Laboratory (SML) and a discrete element numerical modeling program (DECICE). SML is an in-house code developed by Oceanic Consulting Corporation for simulating ship maneuvering in open water. It is based on a ship maneuvering model originally developed by the Japanese mathematical maneuvering group (MMG). DECICE is a discrete element m… Show more
“…Simulations of a moored ship in a floe field [ 50 , 51 ] showed only a qualitative agreement with experiments, a result also observed later in similar simulations [ 52 ], where the differences were linked with the limitations of 2D modelling and the simplifications with the modelling of hydrodynamics. More recent 2D simulations have studied ships in an ice floe field and suggest that the turning circle is smaller in a floe field than in open water [ 53 , 54 ], that the loads due to ice floe impacts follow a Weibull distribution [ 55 ] and the loads on a turret mooring system increase with compression in the ice floe field [ 56 ]. Figure 3.…”
Section: Discrete Element Methods Simulation Of Sea Ice and Ice–structmentioning
Sea ice loads on marine structures are caused by the failure process of ice against the structure. The failure process is affected by both the structure and the ice, thus is called ice–structure interaction. Many ice failure processes, including ice failure against inclined or vertical offshore structures, are composed of large numbers of discrete failure events which lead to the formation of piles of ice blocks. Such failure processes have been successfully studied by using the discrete element method (DEM). In addition, ice appears in nature often as discrete floes; either as single floes, ice floe fields or as parts of ridges. DEM has also been successfully applied to study the formation and deformation of these ice features, and the interactions of ships and structures with them. This paper gives a review of the use of DEM in studying ice–structure interaction, with emphasis on the lessons learned about the behaviour of sea ice as a discontinuous medium.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling of sea-ice phenomena’.
“…Simulations of a moored ship in a floe field [ 50 , 51 ] showed only a qualitative agreement with experiments, a result also observed later in similar simulations [ 52 ], where the differences were linked with the limitations of 2D modelling and the simplifications with the modelling of hydrodynamics. More recent 2D simulations have studied ships in an ice floe field and suggest that the turning circle is smaller in a floe field than in open water [ 53 , 54 ], that the loads due to ice floe impacts follow a Weibull distribution [ 55 ] and the loads on a turret mooring system increase with compression in the ice floe field [ 56 ]. Figure 3.…”
Section: Discrete Element Methods Simulation Of Sea Ice and Ice–structmentioning
Sea ice loads on marine structures are caused by the failure process of ice against the structure. The failure process is affected by both the structure and the ice, thus is called ice–structure interaction. Many ice failure processes, including ice failure against inclined or vertical offshore structures, are composed of large numbers of discrete failure events which lead to the formation of piles of ice blocks. Such failure processes have been successfully studied by using the discrete element method (DEM). In addition, ice appears in nature often as discrete floes; either as single floes, ice floe fields or as parts of ridges. DEM has also been successfully applied to study the formation and deformation of these ice features, and the interactions of ships and structures with them. This paper gives a review of the use of DEM in studying ice–structure interaction, with emphasis on the lessons learned about the behaviour of sea ice as a discontinuous medium.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling of sea-ice phenomena’.
“…The commercial code DECICE [37] is one of the earliest numerical simulation programs dealing with ships and offshore structures in various ice conditions. It has been expanded constantly since it was originally developed and has a wide range of application scenarios, such as in the estimation of resistance and maneuverability in level ice and floe ice [38]. DECICE uses a fast common-plane (FCP) contact algorithm which speeds up the contact detection and adopts parallel computing to further accelerate the computation process.…”
Apart from breaking level ice, polar ships can interact with broken ice in various scenarios. In recent years, computational simulation models have increasingly been used for the evaluation of ship operability under broken ice conditions, presenting some challenging issues. This paper reviews existing simulation methods used to estimate ship performance and ice loads for ships advancing continuously in broken ice fields. Models for different types of broken ice, including ice floes, ice ridges, brash ice, and sliding ice pieces, are reviewed separately. A ship’s response in broken ice is divided into two categories: resistance, which relates to the overall ship performance, and local loads, which relates to structural safety. This review shows that most existing models are proposed for unbreakable ice particles, which are only applicable to broken ice of small size; most models treat fluid flow with extensive simplification, which does not reflect the influence of a ship’s wake or bow waves, and most models are aimed at resistance estimation, adopting elastic or viscoelastic contact models which do not include ice crushing. As for future work, it is suggested that more effort should be assigned to simulating a ship’s interaction with ice ridges and sliding ice pieces, the modelling of breakable ice floes, and the coupling of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). More attention to the local ice load estimation is also encouraged.
“…Lau et al used the discrete element method to simulate the damage process and ship resistance of ship-ice interaction (Lau et al, 2011). Zhan et al simulated the ship maneuverability in crushed ice area and verified the influence of ship resistance on the maneuverability in crushed ice area (Zhan et al, 2010). Kim et al used finite element software LS-DYNA to simulate the resistance in crushed ice channel (Kim et al, 2013).…”
In this paper, the CFD-DEM coupling numerical method was applied to study the ship resistance of a certain type of ice-strengthened Panama bulk carrier in the brash ice channel. The ship-water interaction is established under Euler framework, and the ship-ice interaction is realized by means of the DEM method under Lagrange framework. The DEM ice particles modelling and the establishment of numerical brash ice channel were firstly carried out with reference to the HSVA ice tank test image and test parameters. Next, the influence of DEM ice particle shape on contact force and ship-ice interaction was studied. After that, the influence of the one-way coupling and two-way coupling computational scheme between fluid and particles on the calculation accuracy and the interaction phenomenon was studied and analyzed. Finally, the ship-ice interaction process and mechanical behavior of ship and particle interaction in the brash ice channel was simulated, and the numerical results were compared with the experiment of HSVA ice tank. The results show that the CFD-DEM coupling numerical method which takes full account of the effect of ship-water and the interaction between fluid and particles, can well simulate the phenomenon and process of ship-ice interaction, and compared with the experimental results, the average error of the numerical prediction is about 5.03~5.23% for ICE-1 case with one-way and two-way coupling.The CFD-DEM coupling numerical method includes water resistance, which improves the prediction accuracy of the alone DEM calculation method. The research work in this paper can provide a reference for the numerical prediction of navigation process of ships in the brash ice channel.
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