“…Currently, researchers conducting simulations of laser ablation processes prefer to study the evolution of the internal temperature field, velocity field, and ablation craters of laser ablation, in addition to capturing the material loss after laser action. 21 The numerical models are no longer satisfied with a simple mass conservation criterion. Many models are beginning to take surface tension, 22 evaporative recoil, phase explosion mechanisms, 23 and plasma expansion 24,25 into account so as to more accurately predict the morphology produced by laser ablation.…”