“…Such works notably include a series of papers published by Tamburini and colleagues between 2009 and 2019 [27][28][29][30][31][32], determining suitable turbulence [28] and drag [23,30] models for such systems at relatively low solids concentrations, and the 2016 work of Wadnerkar et al [33], which explored solids loadings up to 40 wt %. There exist two main approaches to the numerical modeling of solid-liquid two-phase systems: the ''pure-CFD'' or Euler-Euler approach, in which both solid and liquid phases are modeled as continua (see, e.g., [34][35][36]) and the Euler-Lagrange or ''point-particle'' approach, wherein the solid phase is instead modeled as discrete particles, using a modeling approach such as the coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) approach (see, e.g., [37,38]).…”