Numerical simulation of the freezing process of a water drop attached to a cold plate

A combined experimental and computational study of phase-change dynamics and flow inside a sessile water droplet freezing due to interfacial heat transfer

“…This motion was a result of the solidification that takes place on the top of the droplet. Similar findings were recorded in the simulations of Vu et al[45] for a droplet freezing on a cold plate. In their case, the circulation patterns were formed, although with the counteracting vortices appearing at the top of the droplet.…”

“…No singularity point was observed at the tip of the water droplet, possibly because the freezing was initiated from the surrounding interface, instead of from a plate at the bottom of the droplet. Tip singularities are commonplace in experiments where the freezing of droplets resting on cold plates occurs [34,45,67],…”

“…This method has been validated against several similar problems, including droplet freezing on a cold plate [41,45], solidification around circular cylinders [46,47], and a three-phase solidification process [48]. Vu [39,49,50] employed an interpolation technique in the axisymmetric front-tracking method to enforce the noslip velocity boundary at the solid-fluid interface.…”

Numerical simulation on the freezing of deposited or impinged water droplets on a cold surface

“…A volume-of-fluid method was used to predict the motion of phase interfaces of impinged indium droplets (Le Bot et al, 2005). In addition, a front tracking method has recently been utilized to predict the freezing of a deposited droplet (Vu et al, 2018). The present authors' research group previously carried out the numerical simulation of impinged water droplets on a cold surface to elucidate key factors for the freezing of the impinged water droplets (Hagiwara et al, 2017).…”

A numerical study of the solidification process of a retracting fluid filament

“…These studies have only considered the solidification of static drops. Considering the solidification of a break-up drop under gravity force, Vu et al [20,21] performed simulations of solidification of a drop stretched by a gravity force. However, all these studies have not considered and taken into account the solidification process of a retracting fluid filament.…”