Numerical simulation of thermal behavior during laser metal deposition shaping

An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part I: Transport phenomena, modeling and diagnostics

“…Numerical simulation of DLD has been performed by many authors in recent history [48,49,107,115,134,150,152,154,175,176]. Much of this work has focused on the simulation of thin wall ('single line') builds which are more easily validated via experimental measurements and require less computational resources.…”

“…Thermo-kinetic models may be utilized to couple the temperature field with empirical microstructure-property relations to aid in predicting the microstructural distribution in the part [48]. Solidification can be accounted for in various approaches, including the 'enthalpy method' [176], continuous cooling transformation M a n u s c r i p t (CCT) diagrams [150], cellular automation techniques [158] and inelastic deformation energy dissipation [152].…”

“…Long et al demonstrated that the thermal stress is nearly twice in magnitude at the first track deposit relative to the last track deposit -indicating that the start point of each layer has a very strong effect on the thermal stress distribution in the part [176].…”

A 3D dynamic analysis of thermal behavior during single-pass multi-layer weld-based rapid prototyping

“…Many studies have been conducted in the thermal process (Dai and Shaw, 2001;Long et al, 2008;Roberts et al, 2009), process parameters (Alimardani et al, 2007;Zheng et al, 2008;Neela and De, 2009), and physical phenomenon mechanism (Costa et al, 2005;Tian et al, 2009) associated with the rapid prototyping using laser as the heat source. Dai and Shaw (2001) developed a threedimensional finite element model to investigate the temperature field, transient and residual stresses as well as distortion of component in the rapid prototyping using a moving laser beam.…”

Numerical Modelling to Understand Cracking Phenomena During Laser-GMA Hybrid Welding Nickel-Base Superalloys

“…Recently, feasible finite element models were established to provide substantial insights into cracking and how thermal gradient, transient stress and strain were developed in the laser welding process (Dai&Shaw,2001;Hee et al,2010;Hu&Richardson,2006;Long et al,2008;Luo et al,2002;Nishimoto et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2004;Yann et al,2010 ;Yilbas et al,2010).…”