Numerical Simulations of Inclusion Behavior in Gas-Stirred Ladles

Lou, Wentao; Zhu, Miaoyong

doi:10.1007/s11663-013-9802-3

Cited by 66 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The detailed expression for the gas-liquid-inclusion three phase hydrodynamic equations together with the k -ε turbulence model (CFD model) had been described in our very recent publication 13) and would not be reproduced here.…”

Section: Cfd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13) The detailed expressions for inclusion coalescence and removal rate due to these mechanisms have been studied and described in our latest publication 13) and will not be reproduced here.…”

Section: Inclusion Population Balance Model (Pbm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that gas blowing has been widely applied in metallurgical processes to enhance the inclusion removal and metallurgical reaction rates and to homogenize the temperature and composition of the melt, and the number, arrangement and gas flow rate of bottom blowing have a great impact on these transport phenomena. Hence, the study of inclusions removal behavior and mixing phenomena under different arrangement of gas blowing in gas-stirred system is necessary and has received considerable attention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] over the years. Inclusion behavior in gas-stirred system involves complex phenomena, such as inclusion transport due to liquid flow, inclusion growth due to inclusion-inclusion collision and inclusion removal due to flotation and attachment to bubbles, and some models have been proposed to describe these behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. In our very recent publication, 13) the model of inclusion turbulent random velocity was proposed to calculate the inclusion-inclusion and bubble-inclusion turbulent random collision by introducing the correction factor. Furthermore, the model of inclusion removal rate due to bubble wake capture was developed, and the effect of slag eye size on the inclusion growth and removal were considered as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…54 (2014), No. 1 effect on the transport phenomena in gas-stirred systems, 13) were not well considered in these mathematical model. 14,16,18) Furthermore it is worth noting that there is still no such work published to study the optimization of bottom tuyeres from the viewpoints of improving both inclusion removal and mixing efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulations of Inclusion Behavior and Mixing Phenomena in Gas-stirred Ladles with Different Arrangement of Tuyeres

Lou

Zhu

2014

ISIJ Int.

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A CFD-PBM (Computational Fluid Dynamic-Population Balance Model) coupled model has been developed to investigate the effects of different number and position of bottom tuyeres and gas flow rate on the bubbly plume flow, inclusion removal and mixing phenomena in gas-stirred ladle. It is found that the dual blowing gives a shorter mixing time and higher inclusion removal ratio in comparison with the center blowing or eccentric blowing with one tuyere. With the increasing of separation angle of two tuyeres, the inclusion removal ratio increases, while mixing time decreases first and then increases. With the increasing of radial position of two tuyeres, the inclusion removal first increases and then decreases, and the mixing time decreases until the radial position exceeds 0.7R from the bottom center, where R is the bottom radius of ladle. It is recommended to use the two tuyeres placed at radial position of 0.6R and the angle of 135 deg in ladle to improve the joint efficiency both the inclusion removal and mixing. With the gas flow rate increasing, the efficiency both mixing and inclusion removal with the optimized tuyeres arrangement increases, however when the gas flow rate exceeds 300 NL/min in 150 ton ladle, the removal ratio and mixing time change little.

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Section: Cfd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inclusion Population Balance Model (Pbm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Numerical Simulations of Inclusion Behavior and Mixing Phenomena in Gas-stirred Ladles with Different Arrangement of Tuyeres

Lou

Zhu

2014

ISIJ Int.

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Numerical Simulation of Single Argon Bubble Rising in Molten Metal Under a Laminar Flow

Ersson

Jönsson

2015

steel research int.

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The fundamental aspects of rising argon bubbles in molten metal for a laminar flow were investigated by numerical simulations. The Volume‐of‐Fluid (VOF) model was used to track the interface between argon and liquid metal. The process of a bubble rising in the molten metal includes two steps, one is the bubble rising inside the liquid, and the other one is the bubble rising across the liquid surface. The bubbling dynamics inside the liquid phase was studied in terms of the bubble's trajectory, shape and terminal velocity over a wide range of bubble diameters. It shows that ≈3–10mm bubbles rise in a spiral way with strong instabilities by changing their instantaneous shapes, while ≈10–20mm bubbles rise rectilinearly and their shapes are kept almost steady. All these bubbles' terminal velocities are around 0.3 m s−1, which are in accordance with literature data. For a bubble with a specific size, small metal droplets can be formed due to the bubble bursting on the free surface. In a situation when the top surface of the bubble is ruptured, the remains of the bubble will collapse and jet droplets can be formed. Simulations of jet droplets were qualitatively analyzed. It shows that when the surface tension is 1.4 N m−1, the critical bubble size is 9.3 mm. Also, the ejection is found to increase with an increased surface tension value, unless a critical bubble size is reached.

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Effect of Stirring Practice on Sulphur and Nitrogen Refining as well as Inclusion Removal in Ladle Treatment

Médioni

Jönsson

Sichen

2015

steel research int.

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The effect of different stirring conditions during ladle treatment on the steel cleanliness was studied in the steel plant of SSAB Special Steels in Oxelösund, Sweden. The cleanliness was examined with regards to the contents of sulfur, nitrogen, and large inclusion (>10 mm). The results showed that vacuum degassing increased the amount of inclusions larger than 10 mm and that subsequent induction stirring suggested a possible positive effect on the inclusion removal. A shortening of the vacuum degassing time from 24 to 15 min did not affect the nitrogen or sulphur refining. Overall, all heats reached the desired composition and cleanliness levels regardless of the treatment time.

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Numerical Simulations of Inclusion Behavior in Gas-Stirred Ladles

Cited by 66 publications

References 61 publications

Numerical Simulations of Inclusion Behavior and Mixing Phenomena in Gas-stirred Ladles with Different Arrangement of Tuyeres

Numerical Simulations of Inclusion Behavior and Mixing Phenomena in Gas-stirred Ladles with Different Arrangement of Tuyeres

Numerical Simulation of Single Argon Bubble Rising in Molten Metal Under a Laminar Flow

Effect of Stirring Practice on Sulphur and Nitrogen Refining as well as Inclusion Removal in Ladle Treatment

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