Numerical simulations of three different MAP IOPs and the associated microphysical processes

Lascaux, F.; Richard, Évelyne; Pinty, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1256/qj.05.197

Cited by 68 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This potentially has a strong effect on the microphysics of orographic precipitation in this region by modulating the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrum (the so called indirect effect). Since both riming and collision of water droplets following coalescence is prerequisite for efficient precipitation (White et al, 2003;Lascaux et al, 2006;Rotunno and Houze, 2007), inhibition of this cloud microphysical process due to an increase in CCN concentration influences the precipitation efficiency of the system (Barros and Lettenmaier, 1994;Rosenfeld and Lensky, 1998;Khain et al, 2000;Ramanathan et al, 2001;Andreae et al, 2004;Tao et al, 2007;Lau et al, 2008;and many others). In order to study the aerosol indirect effect, a direct measurement of the CCN spectrum is required or, alternatively, it can be estimated from observed aerosol size distribution and chemical composition.…”

Section: P Shrestha Et Al: Pre-monsoon Aerosol Properties In Centramentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and aerosol size distribution of the middle mountain range in the Nepal Himalayas during the 2009 pre-monsoon season

2010

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Abstract. Aerosol particle number size distribution and chemical composition were measured at two low altitude sites, one urban and one relatively pristine valley, in Central Nepal during the 2009 pre-monsoon season (May-June). This is the first time that aerosol size distribution and chemical composition were measured simultaneously at lower elevations in the middle Himalayan region in Nepal. The aerosol size distribution was measured using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS, 14-340 nm), and the chemical composition of the filter samples collected during the field campaign was analyzed in the laboratory. Teflon membrane filters were used for ion chromatography (IC) and watersoluble organic carbon and nitrogen analysis. Quartz fiber filters were used for organic carbon and elemental carbon analysis. Multi-lognormal fits to the measured aerosol size distribution indicated a consistent larger mode around 100 nm which is usually the oldest, most processed background aerosol. The smaller mode was located around 20 nm, which is indicative of fresh but not necessarily local aerosol. The diurnal cycle of the aerosol number concentration showed the presence of two peaks (early morning and evening), during the transitional periods of boundary layer growth and collapse. The increase in number concentration during the peak periods was observed for the entire size distribution. Although the possible contribution of local emissions in size ranges similar to the larger mode cannot be completely ruled out, another plausible explanation is the mixing of aged elevated aerosol in the residual layer during the morning period as suggested by previous studies. Similarly, the evening time concentration peaks when the boundary layer becomes shalCorrespondence to: A. P. Barros (barros@duke.edu) low concurrent with increase in local activity. A decrease in aerosol number concentration was observed during the nighttime with the development of cold (downslope) mountain winds that force the low level warmer air in the valley to rise. The mountain valley wind mechanisms induced by the topography along with the valley geometry appear to have a strong control in the diurnal cycle of the aerosol size distribution. During the sampling period, the chemical composition of PM 2.5 was dominated by organic matter at both sites. Organic carbon (OC) comprised the major fraction (64-68%) of the aerosol concentration followed by ionic species (24-26%, mainly SO 2− 4 and NH + 4 ). Elemental Carbon (EC) compromised 7-10% of the total composition and 27% of OC was found to be water soluble at both sites. The day-to-day variability observed in the time series of aerosol composition could be explained by the synoptic scale haze that extended to the sampling region from the Indian Gangetic Plain (IGP), and rainfall occurrence. In the presence of regional scale haze during dry periods, the mean volume aerosol concentration was found to increase and so did the aerosol mass concentrations.

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Section: P Shrestha Et Al: Pre-monsoon Aerosol Properties In Centramentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and aerosol size distribution of the middle mountain range in the Nepal Himalayas during the 2009 pre-monsoon season

2010

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“…Finally, the MAP data were used to tune or improve the explicit microphysical schemes of some models. For example, Richard et al (2003) and Lascaux et al (2006) demonstrated that implementing a separate prognostic variable for hail (in addition to graupel) could be beneficial in cases of strong convection (IOP 2a).…”

Section: Model Improvements Triggered By Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MOLOCH microphysics scheme is described in Drofa and Malguzzi (2004) but has recently been updated to include separate prognostic variables for graupel and hail. Information regarding the MESO-NH microphysical scheme can be found in Lascaux et al (2006). Figure 6 compares the accumulated precipitation fields computed with the different models.…”

Section: Model Intercomparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative precipitation forecasting in the Alps: The advances achieved by the Mesoscale Alpine Programme

Richard

Buzzi

Zängl³

2007

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

Self Cite

107

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ABSTRACT:The improvement of Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (QPF) in mountainous regions was a major supporting objective of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) project P1 devoted to the study of orographic precipitation. This paper reviews the main MAP-related achievements regarding QPF improvement and highlights the MAP impact on developing QPF research and planning future operational strategies. Recent results based on MAP case-studies, on data analysis and assimilation, on quantification of model uncertainties, and on model intercomparison and verification substantiate the progress made in recent years in improving model performance in relation to short-range, high-resolution forecasting in complex topography regions, well represented by the European Alps.

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“…More advanced microphysics schemes often consider more water species, for instance by including graupel and/or hail (Lascaux et al, 2006), or by separating convective and nonconvective fractions of hydrometeors (Piriou et al, 2007). Also the fact that only six transfer mechanisms between the water species are possible is limiting.…”

Section: The Generalized Flux-conservative Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalization and application of the flux-conservative thermodynamic equations in the AROME model of the ALADIN system

Degrauwe¹,

Seity²,

Bouyssel³

et al. 2016

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. General yet compact equations are presented to express the thermodynamic impact of physical parameterizations in a NWP or climate model. By expressing the equations in a flux-conservative formulation, the conservation of mass and energy by the physics parameterizations is a builtin feature of the system. Moreover, the centralization of all thermodynamic calculations guarantees a consistent thermodynamical treatment of the different processes. The generality of this physics-dynamics interface is illustrated by applying it in the AROME NWP model. The physics-dynamics interface of this model currently makes some approximations, which typically consist of neglecting some terms in the total energy budget, such as the transport of heat by falling precipitation, or the effect of diffusive moisture transport. Although these terms are usually quite small, omitting them from the energy budget breaks the constraint of energy conservation. The presented set of equations provides the opportunity to get rid of these approximations, in order to arrive at a consistent and energy-conservative model. A verification in an operational setting shows that the impact on monthlyaveraged, domain-wide meteorological scores is quite neutral. However, under specific circumstances, the supposedly small terms may turn out not to be entirely negligible. A detailed study of a case with heavy precipitation shows that the heat transport by precipitation contributes to the formation of a region of relatively cold air near the surface, the so-called cold pool. Given the importance of this cold pool mechanism in the life cycle of convective events, it is advisable not to neglect phenomena that may enhance it.

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Numerical simulations of three different MAP IOPs and the associated microphysical processes

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

Chemical composition and aerosol size distribution of the middle mountain range in the Nepal Himalayas during the 2009 pre-monsoon season

Chemical composition and aerosol size distribution of the middle mountain range in the Nepal Himalayas during the 2009 pre-monsoon season

Quantitative precipitation forecasting in the Alps: The advances achieved by the Mesoscale Alpine Programme

Generalization and application of the flux-conservative thermodynamic equations in the AROME model of the ALADIN system

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