Numerical simulations of windblown dust over complex terrain: the Fiambalá Basin episode in June 2015

Mingari, Leonardo; Collini, Estela Ángela; Folch, Arnau; Báez, Walter; Bustos, Emilce; Osores, María Soledad; Reckziegel, Florencia; Alexander, P.; Viramonte, J.

doi:10.5194/acp-17-6759-2017

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Multiple resuspension events following eruptions have been observed by Hobbs et al (1983) for MSH, Wilson et al (2011) for Mount Hudson in Chile, Barsotti et al (2010) for Mount Etna in Italy, Folch et al (2014) for Puyehue-Cordón Caulle in Chile, and subsequent to the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland (e.g., Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al, 2013;Leadbetter et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2014). Mingari et al (2017) report on a resuspension event in the Fiambalá Basin, Argentina, originating from ancient pyroclastic deposits of the Cerro Blanco eruption that occurred circa 4.5 kyr before present.…”

Section: Resuspension Of Volcanic Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Experiments of Volcanic Ash Resuspension by Wind

et al. 2019

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Fresh volcanic eruption deposits tend to be loose, bare, and readily resuspended by wind. Major resuspension events in Patagonia, Iceland, and Alaska have lofted ash clouds with potential to impact aircraft, infrastructure, and downwind communities. However, poor constraints on this resuspension process limit our ability to model this phenomenon. Here, we present laboratory experiments measuring threshold shear velocities and emission rates of resuspended ash under different environmental conditions, including relative humidity of 25–75% and simulated rainfall with subsequent drying. Eruption deposits were replicated using ash collected from two major eruptions: the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, in Alaska's Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. Samples were conditioned in a laboratory chamber and prepared with bulk deposit densities of 1,300–1,500 kg/m3. A control sample of dune sand was included for comparison. The deposits were subjected to different wind speeds using a modified PI‐SWERL® instrument. Under a constant relative humidity of 50% and shear velocities 0.4–0.8 m/s, PM10 emission by resuspension ranged from 10 to >100 mg·m−2·s−1. Addition of liquid water equivalent to 5 mm of rainfall had little lasting effect on Mount St. Helens wind erosion potential, while the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes deposits exhibited lower emissions for at least 12 days. The results indicate that particle resuspension due to wind erosion from ash deposits potentially exceeds that of most desert surfaces and approaches some of the highest emissions ever measured.

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Section: Resuspension Of Volcanic Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Experiments of Volcanic Ash Resuspension by Wind

et al. 2019

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“…Liu et al (2014) distinguished between extreme events, ash storms (öskubylar in Icelandic), and low-intensity events, ash mists (öskumistur), both with high potential to reduce visibility. Modelling studies of ash dispersal refer to the suspension of fine ash into the atmosphere as ash resuspension, remobilisation of volcanic ash, relic volcanic ash or dust storms (Barsotti et al, 2010;Leadbetter et al, 2012;Bagnato et al, 2013;Folch et al, 2014;Ulke et al, 2016;Mingari et al, 2017). Forte et al (2018) introduced the term ash devil to describe local and short duration whirlwinds that were often observed after the 2011 CC eruption, whilst Mingari et al (2017) used the term windblown dust in a modelling study of ancient pyroclastic material resuspension.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wind erosion processes of volcanic material have been studied through two main approaches: (i) a volcanological approach and (ii) a soil-erosion and atmospheric approach. Volcanological studies of aeolian ash remobilisation primarily focus on associated impacts (Bitschene, 1995;Hincks et al, 2006;Carlsen et al, 2015;Forte et al, 2018) or the characterisation of both the associated deposits (Hobbs et al, 1983;Liu et al, 2014;Miwa et al, 2018) and the physical processes through laboratory experiments (Douillet et al, 2014;Del Bello et al, 2018) and numerical modelling (Barsotti et al, 2010;Leadbetter et al, 2012;Folch et al, 2014;Reckziegel et al, 2016;Mingari et al, 2017). Despite this significant effort, no studies have yet correlated wind transport with deposition processes of loose volcanic particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash

et al. 2020

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Dominguez et al.Aeolian Remobilisation of Tephra Fallout deposit features (morphology and structures) alone are insufficient to interpret transport mechanisms, their combination suggests that whilst saltation is the most common particle transport mechanism, suspension and creep also play an important role. As well as inferring transport mechanisms from this combined approach, we also demonstrate how the correlation of the primary volcanic source with the associated remobilised deposits is fundamental to our understanding of the life cycle of volcanic ash.

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“…Currently, the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) provides daily forecasts of resuspended ash to the Icelandic Met Office (IMO) using the Lagrangian particle model NAME [27]. The modelling system based on the coupling between Advanced Research core of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) and FALL3D models has also been applied to simulate resuspension of both fresh [7,12] and ancient [28] tephra-fallout deposits with promising results. Folch et al [7] conducted the first attempt to model an outbreak of ash resuspension in Patagonia using three different emission schemes originally derived for mineral dust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Ash Resuspension in Patagonia: Numerical Simulations and Observations

et al. 2020

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Resuspension of pyroclastic deposits occurs under specific atmospheric and environmental conditions and typically prolongs and exacerbates the impact associated with the primary emplacement of tephra fallout and pyroclastic density current deposits. An accurate forecasting of the phenomenon, to support Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs) and civil aviation management, depends on adapting volcanic ash transport and dispersion models to include specific ash emission schemes. Few studies have attempted to model the mechanisms of emission and transport of windblown volcanic ash, and a systematic study of observed cases has not been carried out yet. This manuscript combines numerical simulations along with a variety of observational data to examine the general features of ash resuspension events in northern Patagonia following the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption (Chile). The associated outcomes provide new insights into the spatial distribution of sources, frequency of events, transport patterns, seasonal and diurnal variability, and spatio-temporal distribution of airborne ash. A novel modelling approach based on the coupling between Advanced Research core of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) and FALL3D models is presented, with various model improvements that allow overcoming some limitations in previous ash resuspension studies. Outcomes show the importance of integrating source information based on field measurements (e.g., deposit grain size distribution and particle density). We provide evidence of a strong diurnal and seasonal variability associated with the ash resuspension activity in Patagonia. According to the modelled emission fluxes, ash resuspension activity was found to be significantly more intense during daytime hours. Satellite observations and numerical simulations strongly suggest that major emission sources of resuspended ash were distributed across distal areas (>100 km from the vent) of the Patagonian steppe, covered by a thin layer of fine ash. The importance of realistic soil moisture data to properly model the spatial distribution of emission sources is also highlighted.

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Numerical simulations of windblown dust over complex terrain: the Fiambalá Basin episode in June 2015

Cited by 22 publications

References 71 publications

Laboratory Experiments of Volcanic Ash Resuspension by Wind

Laboratory Experiments of Volcanic Ash Resuspension by Wind

Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash

Volcanic Ash Resuspension in Patagonia: Numerical Simulations and Observations

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