“…They are very efficient when maneuverability is required and are hence frequently used for the propulsion of tugs and ferries, for instance. A cross-flow propeller has recently been subject of experimental investigations at the Naval Academy Research Institute (IRENav) in France, where such a device has been designed, the pitching motions being controlled electrically by servo-motors enslaved by the main motor ( [42]), numerical simulations having been performed for this configuration too [49]. The device with three foils is sketched in figure 11, where the solid foils' contours are at their positions at t 0 when foil labeled 1 has the highest pitching amplitude α 0 .…”