Numerical study of anode side CO contamination effects on PEM fuel cell performance; and mitigation methods

Bilondi, A. Moradi; Abdollahzadeh, M.; Kermani, M.J.; Heidary, H.; Havaej, P.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.09.076

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The poison effect of CO is associated with the strong adsorption on the catalyst surfaces, typically Pt [29]. This strong adsorption between CO and the platinum sites hinders H 2 access to the catalyst sites and reduces the H 2 oxidation reaction efficiency [58]. Therefore, CO content will affect the overall cell voltage and consequently the fuel cell power.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Potential for Producing Power via Green Hydrogen

et al. 2021

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Hydrogen (H2) has become an important energy vector for mitigating the effects of climate change since it can be obtained from renewable sources and can be fed to fuel cells for producing power. Bioethanol can become a green H2 source via Ethanol Steam Reforming (ESR) but several variables influence the power production in the fuel cell. Herein, we explored and optimized the main variables that affect this power production. The process includes biomass fermentation, bioethanol purification, H2 production via ESR, syngas cleaning by a CO-removal reactor, and power production in a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). Among the explored variables, the steam-to-ethanol molar ratio (S/E) employed in the ESR has the strongest influence on power production, process efficiency, and energy consumption. This effect is followed by other variables such as the inlet ethanol concentration and the ESR temperature. Although the CO-removal reactor did not show a significant effect on power production, it is key to increase the voltage on the fuel cell and consequently the power production. Optimization was carried out by the response surface methodology (RSM) and showed a maximum power of 0.07 kWh kg−1 of bioethanol with an efficiency of 17%, when ESR temperature is 700 °C. These values can be reached from different bioethanol sources as the S/E and CO-removal temperature are changed accordingly with the inlet ethanol concentration. Because there is a linear correlation between S/E and ethanol concentration, it is possible to select a proper S/E and CO-removal temperature to maximize the power generation in the HT-PEMFC via ESR. This study serves as a starting point to diversify the sources for producing H2 and moving towards a H2-economy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Potential for Producing Power via Green Hydrogen

et al. 2021

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“…Theoretically, the magnitude of the CO coverage on a catalyst surface is a function of CO adsorption, CO oxidation, and contingent CO 2 reduction, through which CO is reformed. The severe poisoning of Pt in the presence of CO is ascribed to the oxidation of CO within a potential range of 0.6 to 0.9 V, whereas HOR in PEMFCs occurs within a range of potentials up to 0.2 V. HOR is carried out while some of the active Pt sites are blocked by CO, leading to a significant reduction in the reaction rate and degradation of the overall PEMFC activity [34,35]. The high CO oxidation potentials of Pt are attributed to both its strong binding to CO and its inability to adsorb water molecules and form hydroxyl species at lower potentials.…”

Section: Hor and Co Poisoning Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Monoxide Tolerant Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for H2-PEMFC Applications: Current Progress and Challenges

Molochas

Tsiakaras

2021

Catalysts

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The activity degradation of hydrogen-fed proton exchange membrane fuel cells (H2-PEMFCs) in the presence of even trace amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) in the H2 fuel is among the major drawbacks currently hindering their commercialization. Although significant progress has been made, the development of a practical anode electrocatalyst with both high CO tolerance and stability has still not occurred. Currently, efforts are being devoted to Pt-based electrocatalysts, including (i) alloys developed via novel synthesis methods, (ii) Pt combinations with metal oxides, (iii) core–shell structures, and (iv) surface-modified Pt/C catalysts. Additionally, the prospect of substituting the conventional carbon black support with advanced carbonaceous materials or metal oxides and carbides has been widely explored. In the present review, we provide a brief introduction to the fundamental aspects of CO tolerance, followed by a comprehensive presentation and thorough discussion of the recent strategies applied to enhance the CO tolerance and stability of anode electrocatalysts. The aim is to determine the progress made so far, highlight the most promising state-of-the-art CO-tolerant electrocatalysts, and identify the contributions of the novel strategies and the future challenges.

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“…Taking into account that any LOHC reaction must feed a fuel cell (FC) for efficient and clean hydrogen utilization, their extremely low CO tolerance must be taken into consideration when treating FA as hydrogen carrier [ 12 , 13 ]. Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and their Pt catalysts are quite sensitive to CO poisoning (15 ppm of CO in the fuel gas could result in a 30% current loss [ 14 ]) since the latter strongly bonds to Pt and hinders hydrogen adsorption. Despite the unceasing effort made to enhance CO tolerance, compositions higher than 3% could not be accepted in the most favorable cases, using phosphoric-acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes in high temperature PEMFCs [ 13 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formic Acid Dehydrogenation over Ru- and Pd-Based Catalysts: Gas- vs. Liquid-Phase Reactions

et al. 2023

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Formic acid has recently been revealed to be an excellent hydrogen carrier, and interest in the development of efficient and selective catalysts towards its dehydrogenation has grown. This reaction has been widely explored using homogeneous catalysts; however, from a practical and scalable point of view, heterogeneous catalysts are usually preferred in industry. In this work, formic acid dehydrogenation reactions in both liquid- and vapor-phase conditions have been investigated using heterogeneous catalysts based on mono- or bimetallic Pd/Ru. In all of the explored conditions, the catalysts showed good catalytic activity and selectivity towards the dehydrogenation reaction, avoiding the formation of undesired CO.

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Numerical study of anode side CO contamination effects on PEM fuel cell performance; and mitigation methods

Cited by 31 publications

References 55 publications

Biomass Potential for Producing Power via Green Hydrogen

Biomass Potential for Producing Power via Green Hydrogen

Carbon Monoxide Tolerant Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for H2-PEMFC Applications: Current Progress and Challenges

Formic Acid Dehydrogenation over Ru- and Pd-Based Catalysts: Gas- vs. Liquid-Phase Reactions

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