Numerical study of assisting and opposing mixed convective nanofluid flows in an inclined circular pipe

A practical evaluation of the performance of Al2O3-water, TiO2-water and CuO-water nanofluids for convective cooling

“…Many types of nanofluids are available that differ with regard to host liquid types, such as water, ethylene glycol or oil, as well as the nanoparticle material, volume concentration, particle size and shape [4,7,24]. In the present study, aqueous aluminium oxide (Al2O3-water), titanium oxide (TiO2-water) and copper oxide (CuO-water) nanofluids were chosen because they are the most commonly used by researchers and so are easily comparable.…”

“…Nanofluids have proved beneficial in a wide range of applications, such as in the chemical, electrical and nuclear industries, in cancer diagnosis, solar energy capture, high-powered lasers, drilling and in enhanced oil recovery [1][2][3][4]. They have also been widely promoted for heat transfer applications, where it has been claimed that they can offer significantly enhanced heat transfer [5][6][7], while alleviating the problems of clogging, erosion and sedimentation associated with suspensions that contain larger particles [8]. Despite much theoretical and experimental promise for energy-related problems there is still a need to transfer the research into a practical reality.…”

Assessment of vortex generator shapes and pin fin perforations for enhancing water-based heat sink performance

“…Continuing developments in electronic and electrical devices, and the increased heat density associated with miniaturisation, mean that thermal management of high heat fluxes remains an active area of research [9]. One approach is to improve the thermo-physical properties of the coolants, for example by developing nanofluids [10,11]. Alternatively, the geometry of the heat sinks can be adapted to improve heat transfer, for example by modifying the pins in PHSs or the channels in PFHSs.…”

Benefits of spanwise gaps in cylindrical vortex generators for conjugate heat transfer enhancement in micro-channels

“…The solid parts of the domain are taken to be aluminium, since this is a common material from which heat 6 sinks are made, though some results for copper are also presented below. Heat conduction through the solid is governed by (4) where and are respectively the temperature and thermal conductivity of the solid.…”

“…Thermal management is becoming increasingly important especially with the rapid minimization of electronic chips, which continues to provide challenges for thermal researchers. Indeed, reduction in chips size is a real challenge for designing efficient cooling systems with limited space in which to reject generated heat [1][2][3][4]. One of the promising systems by which high performance heat rejection can be achieved is micro and mini-scale systems, such as micro-channel heat exchangers and heat sinks [5][6][7][8][9].…”