A great amount of energy consumption occurs in buildings due to indoor heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting. Among these, the energy consumed for heating in buildings has the biggest proportion of consumption. So, the use of renewable sources of energy such as solar energy is the ideal solution to reduce the energy bill. In this context, proper structure elements and architecture need to be considered for the utilization of solar energy in passive ways and for decreasing energy losses to a great extent. The Trombe wall is an excellent passive solar system which relies on natural driving forces and on storing energy. This paper reports on an experimental investigation of a test room containing a Trombe wall in Borj Cedria Tunisia and compares the wall performance for different periods of the year (autumn, winter, and spring). In this study, the phenomenon of natural convection has been highlighted with accuracy measurement and the thermal behavior of the wall was also investigated. In consequence of the experimental study, the convective and the conductive flux were quantified and the thermal efficiency of the wall during the studied periods was estimated. From the comparison of results, the best efficiency of the wall equal to 45% was obtained in the winter period. The operating efficiency is also good in autumn period and the wall offers a good potential of heating. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics.