Numerical Study of Heat Transfer by Free and Forced Convection in a Ventilated Cavity

Muñoz, Norma Alejandra Rodriguez; Palafox, Jesus Fernando Hinojosa; Kohlhof, K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17387-5_10

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…A recent report has suggested that efficient exfoliation occurred when local shear rate near a graphite interface imposed by hydrodynamics exceeded a critical shear rate of 10 4 s –1 in the absence of an electric field . The interplay of hydrodynamics and electric fields has been historically studied by electrochemists for example in experiments using a rotating disk electrode. − Also, several experiments describe the effects of forced convection on the concentration, potential, and current density distribution in an electrochemical micro reactor. − Oddly, no previous studies have examined graphite exfoliation in this manner. So, we have investigated how hydrodynamics impacts electrochemical graphite exfoliation and delineated the role of the two physical parameters, applied shear and anodic potential, on the characteristics of the resulting graphene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite to Graphene

Shinde¹,

Brenker²,

Easton

et al. 2016

Langmuir

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The exfoliation characteristics of graphite as a function of applied anodic potential (1-10 V) in combination with shear field (400-74 400 s(-1)) have been studied in a custom-designed microfluidic reactor. Systematic investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates that at higher potentials thicker and more fragmented graphene sheets are obtained, while at potentials as low as 1 V, pronounced exfoliation is triggered by the influence of shear. The shear-assisted electrochemical exfoliation process yields large (∼10 μm) graphene flakes with a high proportion of single, bilayer, and trilayer graphene and small ID/IG ratio (0.21-0.32) with only a small contribution from carbon-oxygen species as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This method comprises intercalation of sulfate ions followed by exfoliation using shear induced by a flowing electrolyte. Our findings on the crucial role of hydrodynamics in accentuating the exfoliation efficiency suggest a safer, greener, and more automated method for production of high quality graphene from graphite.

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