Numerical study of leakage characteristics of hydrogen-blended natural gas in buried pipelines

Lin, Wei; Chen, Juan; Ma, Tianjiao; Ma, Ruina; Bao, Yangyang; Fan, Zhaoya

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.07.293

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In high-precision engineering, dependence on degradation data for reliability analysis often falls short of meeting rigorous standards. Degradation data, while providing insight into equipment performance decline, may not comprehensively reflect all reliabilityinfluencing factors, particularly with limited data [72][73][74][75][76]. To address this, we propose a novel Bayesian information fusion method for more accurate reliability analysis, especially effective in situations with small data samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian Fusion of Degradation and Failure Time Data for Reliability Assessment of Industrial Equipment Considering Individual Differences

Fu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Processes

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In the field of industrial equipment reliability assessment, dependency on either degradation or failure time data is common. However, practical applications often reveal that single-type reliability data for certain industrial equipment are insufficient for a comprehensive assessment. This paper introduces a Bayesian-fusion-based methodology to enhance the reliability assessment of industrial equipment. Operating within the hierarchical Bayesian framework, the method innovatively combines the Wiener process with available degradation and failure time data. It further integrates a random effects model to capture individual differences among equipment units. The robustness and applicability of this proposed method are substantiated through an in-depth case study analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian Fusion of Degradation and Failure Time Data for Reliability Assessment of Industrial Equipment Considering Individual Differences

Fu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Processes

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“…The latter has forced stakeholders in the energy industry to consider blending hydrogen with natural gas or using pure hydrogen as the future energy [18][19][20]. In line with the above, several studies have been undertaken to understand the behaviour of hydrogen and blends of natural gas and hydrogen in natural gas pipelines, including utilizing critical analyses of the technical limits as well as regulatory frameworks across different countries and safety considerations [8,21,22].…”

Section: Introduction To Pipeline Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitioning to a Hydrogen Economy: Exploring the Viability of Adapting Natural Gas Pipelines for Hydrogen Transport through a Case Study on Compression vs. Looping

Abbas,

Haruna,

Burby

et al. 2024

Gases

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The growing importance of hydrogen as an energy carrier in a future decarbonised energy system has led to a surge in its production plans. However, the development of infrastructure for hydrogen delivery, particularly in the hard-to-abate sectors, remains a significant challenge. While constructing new pipelines entails substantial investment, repurposing existing pipelines offers a cost-effective approach to jump-starting hydrogen networks. Many European countries and, more recently, other regions are exploring the possibility of utilising their current pipeline infrastructure for hydrogen transport. Despite the recent efforts to enhance the understanding of pipeline compatibility and integrity for hydrogen transportation, including issues such as embrittlement, blend ratios, safety concerns, compressor optimisation, and corrosion in distribution networks, there has been limited or no focus on pipeline expansion options to address the low-energy density of hydrogen blends and associated costs. This study, therefore, aims to explore expansion options for existing natural gas high-pressure pipelines through additional compression or looping. It seeks to analyse the corresponding cost implications to achieve an affordable and sustainable hydrogen economy by investigating the utilisation of existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure for hydrogen transportation as a cost-saving measure. It explores two expansion strategies, namely pipeline looping (also known as pipeline reinforcement) and compression, for repurposing a segment of a 342 km × 36 inch existing pipeline, from the Escravos–Lagos gas pipeline system (ELPS) in Nigeria, for hydrogen transport. Employing the Promax® process simulator tool, the study assesses compliance with the API RP 14E and ASME B31.12 standards for hydrogen and hydrogen–methane blends. Both expansion strategies demonstrate acceptable velocity and pressure drop characteristics for hydrogen blends of up to 40%. Additionally, the increase in hydrogen content leads to heightened compression power requirements until approximately 80% hydrogen in the blends for compression and a corresponding extension in looping length until around 80% hydrogen in the blend for looping. Moreover, the compression option is more economically viable for all investigated proportions of hydrogen blends for the PS1–PS5 segment of the Escravos–Lagos gas pipeline case study. The percentage price differentials between the two expansion strategies reach as high as 495% for a 20% hydrogen proportion in the blend. This study offers valuable insights into the technical and economic implications of repurposing existing natural gas infrastructure for hydrogen transportation.

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“…They established a quantitative relationship between blended hydrogen gas concentration and diffusion distance. Wang et al [20] studied the leakage characteristics of hydrogen-blended natural gas after the cutoff valve was closed by improving the non-adiabatic pipeline leakage model. They analyzed the effects of the heat transfer coefficient, initial pressure, and blending ratio on the leakage flow characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Research on Leakage Characteristics of Pure Hydrogen/Hydrogen-Blended Natural Gas in Medium- and Low-Pressure Buried Pipelines

Li,

Xie,

Gong

2024

Energies

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To investigate the leakage characteristics of pure hydrogen and hydrogen-blended natural gas in medium- and low-pressure buried pipelines, this study establishes a three-dimensional leakage model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The leakage characteristics in terms of pressure, velocity, and concentration distribution are obtained, and the effects of operational parameters, ground hardening degree, and leakage parameters on hydrogen diffusion characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the first dangerous time (FDT) for hydrogen leakage is substantially shorter than for natural gas, emphasizing the need for timely leak detection and response. Increasing the hydrogen blending ratio accelerates the diffusion process and decreases the FDT, posing greater risks for pipeline safety. The influence of soil hardening on gas diffusion is also examined, revealing that harder soils can restrict gas dispersion, thereby increasing localized concentrations. Additionally, the relationship between gas leakage time and distance is determined, aiding in the optimal placement of gas sensors and prediction of leakage timing. To ensure the safe operation of hydrogen-blended natural gas pipelines, practical recommendations include optimizing pipeline operating conditions, improving leak detection systems, increasing pipeline burial depth, and selecting materials with higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. These measures can mitigate risks associated with hydrogen leakage and enhance the overall safety of the pipeline infrastructure.

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Numerical study of leakage characteristics of hydrogen-blended natural gas in buried pipelines

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

Bayesian Fusion of Degradation and Failure Time Data for Reliability Assessment of Industrial Equipment Considering Individual Differences

Bayesian Fusion of Degradation and Failure Time Data for Reliability Assessment of Industrial Equipment Considering Individual Differences

Transitioning to a Hydrogen Economy: Exploring the Viability of Adapting Natural Gas Pipelines for Hydrogen Transport through a Case Study on Compression vs. Looping

Numerical Research on Leakage Characteristics of Pure Hydrogen/Hydrogen-Blended Natural Gas in Medium- and Low-Pressure Buried Pipelines

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