Numerical Study of Light Transport in Apple Models Based on Monte Carlo Simulations

Askoura, Mohamed Lamine; Vaudelle, Fabrice; L’Huillier, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.3390/photonics3010002

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Globally, the experiments confirm well the first trends computed with our previous Monte Carlo model [34], but the influence of the source-light distribution and scattering phase function should be investigated to better explain the scattering events that occur close to the source and at the subsurface.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In contrast, no significant differences have been found for ∆µ * s which range from 0.1% to 1.7% (see Table 2, p < 0.05). A recent study based on Monte-Carlo simulation Askoura et al (2016) [34] has shown that a high skin reduced scattering coefficient (µ' s (s) = 4 mm −1 ) barely change the flesh retrieved reduced scattering coefficient 1%-5%, but significantly influences the retrieved absorption coefficient of the flesh in the range of 5%-20%. This suggests that the light scattering in apple is less influenced by the skin compared to the absorption process.…”

Section: Assessment Of Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, CW spatially-resolved measurements reflect the optical properties of the skin and subsurface [31,32], unless the photons probe deeply in the flesh by increasing the source-detector distance. Recently, Vaudelle and L'Huillier (2015) [33] and Askoura et al (2016) [34]; considered this question by assuming the apple as a two-layer spherical model comprising the skin and flesh tissues. Numerous simulations based on a Monte Carlo code have been performed in order to generate time-resolved and spatially-resolved reflectance measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study of Light Propagation in Apple Tissues Using a Multispectral Imaging System

2016

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Abstract:This work aimed at highlighting the role played by the skin in the light propagation through the apple flesh. A multispectral Visible-Near Infrared (Vis-NIR) steady-state imaging setup based on the use of four continuous laser sources (633, 763, 784, and 852 nm) and a charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera was developed to record light diffusion inside apple tissues. Backscattering images and light reflectance profiles were studied to reveal optical features of three whole and half-cut apple varieties with and without skin. The optical absorption and scattering properties (µ a , µ' s ) of intact apples and peeled apples were also retrieved in reflectance mode, using an optimal sensing range of 2.8-10 mm. A relative difference for ∆µ a ranging from 3.4% to 24.7% was observed for intact apples with respect to peeled apples. Under the same conditions, no significant changes were noted for ∆µ' s , which ranged from 0.1% to 1.7%. These findings show that the apple skin cannot be ignored when using Vis-NIR optical imaging as a non-destructive sensing means to reveal major quality attributes of fruits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Assessment Of Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study of Light Propagation in Apple Tissues Using a Multispectral Imaging System

2016

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“…The subsurface structure is mainly composed of cuticle, epidermis and several layers of hypodermis. Skin thickness values, reported by the literature, range from 50 to 100 µm [31,44,45], when the hypodermis is ignored. An average thickness of about 80 µm was chosen as a reference for the skin layer, in a great part of this study.…”

Section: Tissue Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monte Carlo simulations have been also designed to study the photon propagation in multi-layered fruits and vegetables [12,[29][30][31]. The reflectance provided by a multispectral lighting of fruits can be related to quality attributes, such as bruise defects [32], firmness [33], ripeness [34], anti-oxidants concentration [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light source distribution and scattering phase function influence light transport in diffuse multi-layered media

Vaudelle

L’Huillier

Askoura

2017

Optics Communications

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Red and near-Infrared light is often used as a useful diagnostic and imaging probe for highly scattering media such as biological tissues, fruits and vegetables. Part of diffusively reflected light gives interesting information related to the tissue subsurface, whereas light recorded at further distances may probe deeper into the interrogated turbid tissues. However, modelling diffusive events occurring at short source-detector distances requires to consider both the distribution of the light sources and the scattering phase functions. In this report, a modified Monte Carlo model is used to compute light transport in curved and multi-layered tissue samples which are covered with a thin and highly diffusing tissue layer. Different light source distributions (ballistic, diffuse or Lambertian) are tested with specific scattering phase functions (modified or not modified Henyey-Greenstein, Gegenbauer and Mie) to compute the amount of backscattered and transmitted light in apple and human skin structures. Comparisons between simulation results and experiments carried out with a multi-spectral imaging setup confirm the soundness of the theoretical strategy and may explain the role of the skin on light transport in whole and half-cut apples. Other computational results show that a Lambertian source distribution combined with a Henyey-Greenstein phase function provides a higher photon density in the stratum corneum than in the upper dermis layer. Furthermore, it is also shown that the scattering phase function may affect the shape and the magnitude of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution (BRDF) exhibited at the skin surface.

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Nonlinear Optical Properties of 2D vdW Ferromagnetic Nanoflakes for Magneto‐Optical Logic Applications

Bera,

Kalimuddin,

Bera

et al. 2024

Advanced Optical Materials

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Abstract2D magnetic materials are garnering significant interest due to their high carrier mobilities, valley pseudospins, tunable bandgaps, and novel spin textures enabling exciting opportunities to explore unique nonlinear optical phenomena and develop next‐generation magneto‐optic and optoelectronic devices. Recently, the FenGeTe2 (FnGT) family of 2D magnets has emerged as a promising candidate for spintronic applications due to their non‐trivial spin textures in low dimensions compared to bulk materials. A coherent interaction is reported between light and suspended FnGT nanoflakes (NFs), resulting in spatial self‐phase modulation (SSPM), a direct manifestation of the optical Kerr effect. The nonlinear refractive index (n2) and third‐order optical susceptibility (χ(3)) are quantitatively estimated from the self‐diffraction patterns of FnGT NFs. The time evolution of the self‐diffraction patterns aligns with the “wind‐chime” model, and the deformation of rings is analyzed in terms of thermal effects. FnGT systems exhibit strong optical non‐linearity (χ(3) ∼ 10−8 esu), an order of magnitude higher than other metal dichalcogenides and 2D magnets. Furthermore, all‐optical logic gates have been realized using cross‐phase modulation. The FnGT family of 2D magnets, with their high curie temperature and robust higher‐order optical nonlinearities, are promising candidates for future magneto‐optical and optoelectronic device applications.

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Numerical Study of Light Transport in Apple Models Based on Monte Carlo Simulations

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

Experimental Study of Light Propagation in Apple Tissues Using a Multispectral Imaging System

Experimental Study of Light Propagation in Apple Tissues Using a Multispectral Imaging System

Light source distribution and scattering phase function influence light transport in diffuse multi-layered media

Nonlinear Optical Properties of 2D vdW Ferromagnetic Nanoflakes for Magneto‐Optical Logic Applications

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