Numerical study of smoke extraction for adhered spill plumes in atria: Impact of extraction rate and geometrical parameters

Abstract

In case of fire in an atrium, a smoke and heat control (SHC) system can be designed to improve safety inside the atrium. An important design criterion is the smoke free height in the atrium. This smoke free height is the result of a number of parameters, of which the fire heat release rate (HRR), the SHC extraction mass flow rate, the position of the extraction device or opening and the size and position of openings for make-up air are of primary importance. In the present paper, an extensive numerical study, based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), is presented in which these parameters are varied. The presence of a downstand or balcony is not covered in the study at hand. From the results, a correlation is presented for adhered spill plumes in atria without downstand, relating the smoke extraction rate to the smoke free height in the atrium. The smoke layer in the atrium is illustrated to become multidimensional beyond a certain threshold value of the smoke extraction rate and existing correlations, which do not take this phenomenon into account, are not conservative. The position and exact size of the make-up air inlet openings are shown not to affect the observations, as long as the openings are sufficiently large.

Review and Validation of the Current Smoke Plume Entrainment Models for Large-Volume Buildings

“…When a fire takes place in large-volume enclosures the smoke can travel along vertical distances, affecting multiple floors simultaneously and threatening life safety of occupants far away from the fire origin [2]. Detection, control and extinction of fires in large volumes differ significantly from those in small enclosures.…”

“…Further development of simple mathematical correlations describing the flow of smoke did include the interaction of the plume and the building features, in form of adhered plumes [2,[11][12][13], window plumes [14], and balcony spill plumes [15][16][17][18][19][20]. A thorough review of literature referring to complex flow of smoke in buildings can be found in [21].…”

Numerical Study on the Effect of Heat Release Rate and Interior Opening on Fire Flow Velocity in the Case of Interior Fire in an Apartment Building

“…Ferng 등은 전산유체역학(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)을 이용하여 스프링클러의 다양한 액적 크기에 대한 화재진압 및 제어 특성에 대한 메카니즘 을 연구하였다 (7) . Tilley 등은 아트리움 화재에서 smoke and heat control (SHC) system 설계에 있어서 연층높이에 영향을 미치는 발열량(heat release rate, HRR)과 질량유량 (mass flow rate), 환기요소 등의 변수에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다 (8) . Figure 1.…”

Information fusion of plume control and personnel escape during the emergency rescue of external-caused fire in a coal mine

“…According to Japan, USA and UK fire statistics, very few people among the number of fire deaths died directly from the fire; up to 78.9% of the people indirectly died from the flue gas (Rickard, 2013;Rowland, 2011). During emergency fire rescue, many mine exogenous fires cause increased accidents and serious losses because the conductors make wrong decisions by not estimating enough of the toxic airflow and harmful gas spreading state (Hansen, 2009;Vauquelin, 2009;Tilley, 2013;Wang, 2012). Exogenous fire accidents have happened in coal mine airflow roadways over the last four years in China, as shown in Table 1.…”