Thermocapillary convection of nanofluid with evaporating phase change interface occurs in a variety of industrial processes such as micro/nano fabrication, ink-jet printing, and thin film coatings, etc. Previous studies have mostly focused on the phenomena of thermocapillary convection in pure fluids without phase change. This paper reports the first fundamental experimental work on thermocapillary flow of nanofluid thin liquid layer under effect of evaporation. This research focuses on the behavior of volatile thin nanofluid liquid layer in a rectangular test cell under the effects of horizontal temperature gradient. The buoyancy effect can be ignored inside this thin liquid layer, which is similar to the results in microgravity condition. HEE7200 and HFE7200-Al2O3 nanofluid are used as working fluid to analyze the effect of nanoparticles addition. The results indicate that the linear relationship between the thickness of the liquid layer and the duration of evaporation does not change by nanoparticles addition. HFE7200-Al2O3 nanofluid always has higher evaporation rate than its base fluid in the temperature difference range of 2.98 to 13.92℃. The critical Marangoni number for nanofluid is lower than that of pure fluid, which indicates that nanoparticles addition promotes the flow pattern transition.