Numerical Study on Evacuation Evaluation and Strategy of Theater with Rotating Auditorium

Xiong, Kang; Weng, Miaocheng; Liu, Fang; Yang, Hong

doi:10.3390/buildings12081202

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The life safety criteria in performance-based design are defined by parameters such as temperature, visibility, oxygen (O 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), measured at a height of 1.8 m above the floor, which corresponds to the respiratory threshold for evacuees [25]. Temperature affects residents by causing thermal effects, and high temperatures of 60 • C or higher increase the risk of respiratory issues and skin burns [26,27]. Visibility is a factor that can obstruct evacuation due to the blocking of occupants' view.…”

Section: Safety Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Fire Impact of Cellulose-Based Indoor Building Finishing Materials According to Changes in Room Size Aspect Ratio

Kim,

Rie

2024

Applied Sciences

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In modern society, the size of buildings tends to expand due to technological advances. However, while prioritizing performance design and specific building materials, fire research has fallen short of creating a comprehensive fire characteristic database for building materials. This study presents a plan for building a big data resource to evaluate the fire performance of cellulose-based flame retardant building finishing material in buildings of varying sizes. The three types of building finishing materials applied in this study are polyurethane foam, MDF, and cellulose-based building finishing materials. The variables were determined based on the floor area, and the change in floor area was calculated using the aspect ratio, a dimensionless number. Data analysis utilized the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to determine the time required to meet life safety standards for temperature, visibility, and Fractional Effective Dose (FED). The results confirm a correlation between the safe evacuation time (ASET) and increasing floor area. Additionally, the study demonstrates that cellulose-based flame-retardant building finishing material effectively maintains safe evacuation times even with increasing floor areas, as evidenced by increases of 41.0 s, 13.2 s, and 97.5 s in temperature, visibility, and FED, respectively.

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Section: Safety Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Fire Impact of Cellulose-Based Indoor Building Finishing Materials According to Changes in Room Size Aspect Ratio

Kim,

Rie

2024

Applied Sciences

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“…In general, the time it takes for temperature, CO concentration, or visibility to reach a critical level is used as an indicator for ASET. According to previous literature, people will become exceedingly uncomfortable and unable to breathe when the temperature reaches 60 • C [50]; hence 60 • C is utilized as the critical danger temperature. People will asphyxiate quickly when the CO concentration hits 500 ppm.…”

Section: Criterion For Evaluation Of the Asetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People will asphyxiate quickly when the CO concentration hits 500 ppm. Therefore, the hazard threshold for CO is 500 ppm [50,51]. Although the Australian Guide for Fire Engineers states that the 5 m visibility level is the standard for small places [52], previous study [53] unequivocally discovered that walking speed decreases sharply when visibility reaches 1 m, and then stops changing relatively significantly even visibility continues to decline.…”

Section: Criterion For Evaluation Of the Asetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Egress System Optimization of High-Rise Teaching Building Based on Simulation and Machine Learning

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2023

Fire

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A fire egress system is one of the most critical aspects of fire emergency evacuation, which is the cornerstone technology of building fire safety. The high-rise teaching buildings on campus, where vast crowds of people gather, need to be qualified for rapid evacuation in the event of a fire especially. Conventional teaching building egress system design places more emphasis on individual elements (e.g., stairwells, evacuation doors, and evacuation walkways) rather than on their co-regulation as a whole. Furthermore, there are not enough holistic and effective optimal design strategies, which is because most of the existing studies rely on experiments or simulations and often suffer from a lack of sufficient data to fully reveal the interactions of individual variables. In this study, the co-effectiveness of stairwells, walkways, and room doors in reducing total evacuation time was investigated by simulation and machine learning. We selected a typical high-rise teaching building as an example and integrated two simulation software, Pyrosim and Pathfinder, to compare the available safe evacuation time (ASET) and required safe evacuation time (RSET). Then, a framework consisting of five factors—stair flight width (SFW), stairwell door width (SDW), corridor width (CW), room door width (RDW), and location of the downward stair flight (LDSF)—was established for the optimization through statistical analysis of big data obtained by the preferred machine learning algorithm. Results indicate that (1) By modifying just one factor (SFW), the total evacuation time (TET) can be reduced by at most 12.1%, with the mortality rate dropping from 26.5% to 9.5%; (2) although ASET could not be achieved either, among 4000 cases of multi-factor combinations, a maximum TET improvement degree, 29.5%, can be achieved for the evacuation optimization compared to baseline model, with a consequent reduction in mortality to 0.15%; (3) it shows that the emphasis of the egress system optimization is on the geometric features of the evacuation stairwell; furthermore, the multi-factor combination approaches have better compromised evacuation performances than the single-factor controlled schemes. The research results can be applied as rational design strategies to mitigate fire evacuation issues in high-rise teaching buildings and, in addition, the methodology suggested in this paper would be suitable to other building types.

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Intelligent planning of fire evacuation routes in buildings based on improved adaptive ant colony algorithm

Zhang,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Computers & Industrial Engineering

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Numerical Study on Evacuation Evaluation and Strategy of Theater with Rotating Auditorium

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Evaluation of the Fire Impact of Cellulose-Based Indoor Building Finishing Materials According to Changes in Room Size Aspect Ratio

Evaluation of the Fire Impact of Cellulose-Based Indoor Building Finishing Materials According to Changes in Room Size Aspect Ratio

Fire Egress System Optimization of High-Rise Teaching Building Based on Simulation and Machine Learning

Intelligent planning of fire evacuation routes in buildings based on improved adaptive ant colony algorithm

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