“…Similarly, others also investigated the flow and heat transfer of dimple channels, effects of bleed holes and nanofluids flow in dimpled channels (Qu et al, 2013;Shen et al, 2013;Sinha and Srivastava, 2017). Furthermore, heat transfer characteristics of dimple protrusion (Chen et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2015;Shen et al, 2017;Li et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2016) and dimple fin (Chang et al, 2017;Wei et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2014;Luo et al, 2015;Park et al, 2016;Fan and Yin, 2008) were also widely studied. Based on above backgrounds, these works all showed the positive effects of dimples by observing the importance of geometrical parameters and flow properties.…”