Numerical study on the effects of absorptivity on performance of flat plate solar collector of a water heater

Abstract

Abstract. The characteristics of absorber plate of a flat plate solar collector play an important role in the improvement of the performance. In this work, a numerical analysis is carried out to explore the effect of absorptivity and emissivity of absorber plate to the performance of the solar collector of a solar water heater. For a results comparison, a simple a simple solar box cooker with absorber area of 0.835 m  0.835 m is designed and fabricated. It is employed to heat water in a container by exposing to the solar radiation in Medan city of Indonesia. The transient governing equations are developed. The governing equations are discretized and solved using the forward time step marching technique. The results reveal that the experimental and numerical results show good agreement. The absorptivity of the plate absorber and emissivity of the glass cover strongly affect the performance of the solar collector. IntroductionIn order to avoid the catastrophe of the globe due to global warming, emission of Greenhouse gas gases to the atmosphere must be reduced. One of the potential solutions is to enhance the use of renewable energy resources. Solar energy is known as a potential renewable energy resource. It is convinced, it will play an important role in the future energy demand. In a year, the globe is exposed by 3,400,000 Exa-Joule of solar energy. This is a vast amount of energy. It can fill the present world energy consumption by only 1 hour 15 minutes of irradiation [1]. However, at the present time, only a very little portion of the human energy consumption is filled with the solar energy. According to REN21, since 2030 solar energy application will increase significantly. Thus, studies on solar energy have increased significantly [2]. Industry related to solar energy application is developing constantly in all over the world. This is because of twofold, increasing energy demand and limitation on major energy source the fossil fuel. Indonesian islands have a big potency of solar energy. It is also constant in every year [3]. The solar energy can be harvested by solar photovoltaic and solar thermal methods. In the solar thermal method, the solar energy can be collected and used as a heat energy for several applications such as solar drying process [4], solar adsorption refrigeration [5], solar desalination [6,7,8], solar water heater [9], solar cooker [10], etc.

The impact of electronic control systems on improving the performance of the solar heater

“…Figure 13's Q4 curve shows the maximum energy values (7140 W) gained at the same total loss coefficient. The maximum power gain values (6660 W) are recorded at 30 W/ m.°C for the total loss coefficient, as shown by Equation ( 7) [16]. In summary, Figures 12 and 13 illustrate the relationship between time and the amount of heat gained by the water before the electronic control system was connected.…”

“…Regular maintenance and cleaning can help ensure peak performance and increase heat transfer efficiency. Prioritizing impurity reduction can increase the solar heater's overall efficiency and heating capability, as in Equation (3) [16]. Figure 10 illustrates a significant difference in temperature values between the water exiting the collector when the electronic control system is connected to the cold water pipe within the collector and when it is not.…”

“…where: UL: the pipe length's heat transfer coefficient,T: the temperature at which the element is in equilibrium (d L). Equations (4-9) calculates the system's efficiency using Equation ( 7) [16], [5]:…”

“…Heat exchangers are employed to transfer heat between liquid streams over a range of temperatures. In addition to their pleasant and comfortable aspects, researchers have also investigated the weight loss caused by balancing the flow of fluids [16].…”

A review on recent opportunities in MATLAB software based modelling for thermoelectric applications

“…They work on both heat and electricity production from solar with the help of solar water heater and TEG. The fluid inlet and outlet operation is controlled by numerical program [13,37,57,72] and the STEG also model with numerical [46,62]; its efficiency has been increased from 1.95% to 3.95% for 27 o C and the power increased from 2.6W to 7.76W. The resultant showed good performance and high stability than normal TEG.…”