Numerical study on turbulent boundary layers over two-dimensional hills — Effects of surface roughness and slope

CFD simulation of wind flow over natural complex terrain: Case study with validation by field measurements for Ria de Ferrol, Galicia, Spain

“…Richards and Hoxey 1993, Blocken et al 2007a, 2007b, Hargreaves and Wright 2007, Franke et al 2007, Gorlé et al 2009, Yang et al 2009, Richards and Norris 2011, Parente et al 2011. The importance of surface roughness for wind flow over complex terrain in particular was also stressed by several previous authors (Lun et al 2003, Prospathopoulos and Voutsinas 2006, Cao and Tamura 2006, 2007,Wakes et al 2010, Cao et al 2012. This was an extra reason to dedicate special attention to surface roughness specification in the present study.…”

Numerical simulations of the mean wind speeds and turbulence intensities over simplified gorges using the SST k-ω turbulence model

“…However, achieving this is very difficult (Cao et al, 2012). Although there are many turbulence models for simulating different kinds of wind fields, the SST k-ω turbulence model has been more and more widely used in the numerical simulations of flow around bluff bodies due to its relatively high efficiency and accuracy (Aldas & Yapici, 2014;Casella, Langreder, Fischer, Ehlen, & Skoutelakos, 2014;W.…”

“…Compared with traditional methods such as field measurements and wind tunnel tests, the CFD numerical simulation method has many advantages, including easy modeling, convenient control, and the changing and repeating of the test conditions, as well as being able to give quantitative results. With the ongoing advancement of numerical solution methods and computer hardware, the application of the CFD numerical simulation method to structural wind engineering has become an important subject for study, and it is more and more widely used in the numerical simulation of wind characteristics over complex terrain (Cao, Wang, Ge, & Tamura, 2012;Y. L. Li, Hu, Cai, Tang, & Liao, 2011;Maurizi, Palma, & Castro, 1998;Tamura, Okuno, & Sugio, 2007).…”

“…For the numerical studies on the wind characteristics over two-dimensional and three-dimensional complex terrains, Kondo (2004, 2006), Wan, CONTACT Peng Hu hupengmail@126.com Porté-Agel, and Stoll (2007) and Cao et al (2012) studied the turbulent flow over a two-dimensional steep hill using a large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model and compared the numerical results with those obtained from a wind tunnel test. The results of these studies showed that when using the appropriate sub-grid scale (SGS) model and other parameters in the simulations, the numerical results were in very good agreement with the experimental data obtained from wind tunnel tests.…”

“…Furthermore, the basic information obtained about an area of simplified gorge or valley terrain can also contribute to understanding the complex wind characteristics over real gorge and valley terrains. Secondly, as the accuracy of the numerical results are usually validated by wind tunnel tests or field measurements, the inlet boundary conditions of the computational domain should be kept the same as those of the wind tunnel tests or field measurements, but achieving this is very difficult (Cao et al, 2012;Hu et al, 2013). Zheng, Zhang, and Gu (2012) presented a set of inflow boundary conditions based on the LES method to ensure that the simulated oncoming wind field of the computational domain coincided with those of the wind tunnel test, and this method was adopted to simulate the wind field around a single tall building.…”