Numerical Taxonomy of Phylloplane Bacteria Isolated from Lolium perenne

Austin, Brian; Goodfellow, Michael; Dickinson, Claire

doi:10.1099/00221287-104-1-139

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In general, the micro-organisms isolated were similar to those from previous studies of Loliurn perenne (Dickinson et al, 1975;Austin et al, 1978) and other temperate plants (Last & Deighton, 1965;Preece & Dickinson, 1971;Dickinson & Preece, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The Effects of Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Pollution on the Leaf Surface Microflora of Lolium perenne L.

Bewley

1979

Journal of General Microbiology

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The influence of zinc, lead and cadmium contamination on the phylloplane microflora of Lolium perenne growing at various distances from a smelting complex was investigated. Bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated using a leaf washing method, and relative metal tolerance was assessed by the incorporation of zinc, lead and cadmium salts into the growth media. Numbers of fungal propagules were also assessed by direct observation of leaf segments. Non-pigmented yeastgof the genus Cryptococcus were particularly tolerant to the metals, both in vitro and in vivo. Bacteria were less tolerant in vitro, but populations in the field were found even under the highest levels of metal contamination. Filamentous fungi were more tolerant than bacteria to heavy metals in vitro but population levels appeared to be particularly influenced by lead contamination on the leaf surface. I N T R O D U C T I O NConsiderable zinc, lead and cadmium pollution occurs in the vicinity of a smelting complex at Avonmouth, near Bristol, and metal levels have been extensively studied on grass, moss and lichens (Burkitt et al., 1972), in soil and vegetation (Little & Martin, 1972) and on the leaf surfaces of hawthorn, oak, willow and elm (Little, 1973).Up to 8000p.p.m. zinc, 5000p.p.m. lead and 50p.p.m. cadmium have been detected on vegetation close to the smelting complex (Little, 1973). On pine saplings and cabbages grown in pots and exposed to contamination near the smelter, the numbers and diversity of micro-organisms were reduced compared with those grown at a control site (Gingell et al., 1976). The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of this pollution on the phylloplane microflora of a plant of the indigenous vegetation, Lolium perenne L., a common grass found near the smelting complex. M E T H O D SSampling procedure. Five grass fields numbered 1 to 5, at approximate distances of 0.35,0.5, 1.4, 1.3 and 1-85 km, respectively, ENE of the Avonmouth smelting complex, were sampled in November 1976. Field 4 was a little nearer to the smelter than field 3 but slightly out of the main line of sampling. Leaves from three patches of Loliurn perenne in each field were collected and placed in sterile containers.Microbiological assay. Eighty leaf discs were cut from each sample (using a 2-5 mm diam. punch), placed in a Universal bottle containing 10 ml sterile distilled water with 5 g glass beads (approx. 3 mm diam.) and shaken for 10min on a wrist action shaker. Samples (0.1 ml) of the suspension and of a 10-fold dilution were each inoculated separately on to the surface of a series of agar plates. Two basic media were used: Martin's Rose Bengal Streptomycin Agar (MRB; Tuite, 1969) and Tryptic Soy Agar [TSA; 3 g Tryptic Soy Broth (Difco 0370) 1-1 plus 20 g agar l-l]. To study relative microbial tolerance to the three metals, cadmium, zinc and lead were added singly (as nitrates) at, respectively, 100, 400 and 800 pg (g wet wt)-' to TSA and 500, 2000 and 2000 ,ug (g wet wt)-l to MRB. Plates of TSA and MRB containing al...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The Effects of Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Pollution on the Leaf Surface Microflora of Lolium perenne L.

Bewley

1979

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Several ecological studies have shown that this group forms a significant part of bacterial communities of a number of plant species (Austin et al, 1978 ;Bell et al, 1995 ;Ercolani, 1991 ;Legard et al, 1994 ;McInroy & Kloepper, 1995 ;Thompson et al, 1993). Because of difficulties in taxonomic characterization on the basis of phenotypic features, most of the isolated strains have been identified at the genus level or affiliated to Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens and Clavibacter michiganensis without further specification at the subspecies or pathovar level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of grass-associated Microbacteriaceae isolated from the phyllosphere and litter layer after mulching the sward; polyphasic characterization of Subtercola pratensis sp. nov., Curtobacterium herbarum sp. nov. and Plantibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov.

Behrendt¹,

Ulrich²,

Schümann³

et al. 2002

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…The most important species are Pseudomonas syringae and Erwinia Herbicola (Hew and Yang, 1992) very common and widely distributed on plant epiphytes and leaves of trees (Maki et al, 1974;Arny et al, 1976;Kozloff et al, 1983;Ercolani, 1991). Much more frequently observed bacteria are Pseudomonas fluorescens and Xanthomonas campestris (Austin et al, 1978;Obata et al, 1987;Hew and Yang, 1992), normally being residents in soil and water, and even on leaves of trees, pepper and tomato (Austin et al, 1978;Maki and Willoughby, 1978;Warren et al, 1986). Much less frequent are E. ananas (Hew and Yang, 1992) and P. viridiflava (Obata et al, 1989), which are associated with tea plants and some other crops in Japan (Abe et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Study of Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Ice Nucleation Activity of Bacteria

Wang

Sun

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ice nuclei of some bacterial origin as ice catalysts can initiate ice nucleation at temperatures as warm as -2°C in certain laboratory experiments. The ice nucleation activities of airborne bacteria in the real atmosphere may be different from those experiments. To estimate the impact of typical atmospheric pollutants including monocarboxylic acids (MCAs), dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) and ammonia sulfate on ice nucleation activity of P.syringae pv lachrymans and P.syringae pv.panici, we have conducted some experiments by means of the modified Vali's droplet freezing testing method in the immersion freezing mode with the mixture of the pure water and the polluted water. Our results show that the ice nucleation activity of bacterial origins can be regulated by such pollutant compounds even though the onset freezing temperatures of water droplets mainly depend on the concentrations of ice nucleation-active bacteria. Atmospheric acids can decrease ice nucleation activity of P.syringae pv lachrymans and P.syringae pv.panici. However, the onset freezing temperatures of water droplets immersed with ice nucleation-active P.syringae pv lachrymans will be enhanced by the low concentration of such atmospheric pollutants.

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Numerical Taxonomy of Phylloplane Bacteria Isolated from Lolium perenne

Cited by 52 publications

References 36 publications

The Effects of Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Pollution on the Leaf Surface Microflora of Lolium perenne L.

The Effects of Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Pollution on the Leaf Surface Microflora of Lolium perenne L.

Diversity of grass-associated Microbacteriaceae isolated from the phyllosphere and litter layer after mulching the sward; polyphasic characterization of Subtercola pratensis sp. nov., Curtobacterium herbarum sp. nov. and Plantibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov.

Laboratory Study of Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Ice Nucleation Activity of Bacteria

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