Nurse effect of the native cushion plant Azorella monantha on the invasive non-native Taraxacum officinale in the high-Andes of central Chile

Cavieres, Lohengrin A.; Quiroz, Constanza L.; Molina‐Montenegro, Marco A.; Muñoz, Alejandro Anaya; Pauchard, Aníbal

doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2005.09.002

Cited by 152 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It appears that native functional groups have a nurse effect on bitou seedlings and moderate environmental conditions. Nurse effects of native species on invader germinants have been documented by previous studies which have reported facilitative effects through reducing light and temperature extremes (Lenz & Facelli 2003) and increasing water and nutrient availability (Maron & Connors 1996;Cavieres et al 2005) under canopies of existing native species compared with uncolonised areas. In our study, bare ground cover was significantly higher in the unplanted than planted treatments.…”

Section: Planted Treatments Facilitate Bitou Germination But Suppressmentioning

confidence: 81%

Arrival order among native plant functional groups does not affect invasibility of constructed dune communities

2013

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Different arrival order scenarios of native functional groups to a site may influence both resource use during development and final community structure. Arrival order may then indirectly influence community resistance to invasion. We present a mesocosm experiment of constructed coastal dune communities that monitored biotic and abiotic responses to different arrival orders of native functional groups. Constructed communities were compared with unplanted mesocosms. We then simulated a single invasion event by bitou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata), a dominant exotic shrub of coastal communities. We evaluated the hypothesis that plantings with simultaneous representation of grass, herb and shrub functional groups at the beginning of the experiment would more completely sequester resources and limit invasion than staggered plantings. Staggered plantings in turn would offer greater resource use and invasion resistance than unplanted mesocosms. Contrary to our expectations, there were few effects of arrival order on abiotic variables for the duration of the experiment and arrival order was unimportant in final community invasibility. All planted mesocosms supported significantly more invader germinants and significantly less invader abundance than unplanted mesocosms. Native functional group plantings may have a nurse effect during the invader germination and establishment phase and a competitive function during the invader juvenile and adult phase. Arrival order per se did not affect resource use and community invasibility in our mesocosm experiment. While grass, herb and shrub functional group plantings will not prevent invasion success in restored communities, they may limit final invader biomass. KeywordsHistorical contingency, priority effect, exotic, community structure, mesocosm AbstractDifferent arrival order scenarios of native functional groups to a site may influence both resource use during development and final community structure. Arrival order may then indirectly influence community resistance to invasion. We present a mesocosm experiment of constructed coastal dune communities that monitored biotic and abiotic responses to different arrival orders of native functional groups. Constructed communities were compared with unplanted mesocosms. We then simulated a single invasion event by bitou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata), a dominant exotic shrub of coastal communities. We evaluated the hypothesis that plantings with simultaneous representation of grass, herb and shrub functional groups at the beginning of the experiment would more completely sequester resources and limit invasion than staggered plantings. Staggered plantings in turn would offer greater resource use and invasion resistance than unplanted mesocosms.Contrary to our expectations, there were few effects of arrival order on abiotic variables for the duration of the experiment and arrival order was unimportant in final community invasibility. All planted mesocosms supported significantly more invader germina...

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Section: Planted Treatments Facilitate Bitou Germination But Suppressmentioning

confidence: 81%

Arrival order among native plant functional groups does not affect invasibility of constructed dune communities

2013

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“…Los ambientes de alta-montaña han sido sugeridos como zonas poco propicias para eventos de colonización y establecimiento (Cavieres et al 2005). No obstante, T. officinale y P. secunda son dos ejemplos de especies que presentan diversas estrategias para lidiar de manera eficiente con las condiciones ambientales que puedan encontrar sobre su gradiente de distribución altitudinal.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…espeCies de esTudio Taraxacum officinale es una hierba perenne distribuida alrededor de todo el mundo, que crece en gradientes latitudinales y altitudinales (Cavieres et al 2005). En Chile se encuentra desde la Región de Antofagasta hasta Tierra del Fuego (Zuloaga et al 2008).…”

Section: Materiales Y Métodosunclassified

Variación altitudinal de los atributos morfo-fisiológicos en dos especies de plantas alto-andinas y sus implicancias contra la fotoinhibición

Molina‐Montenegro

Cavieres

2010

Gayana Bot.

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RESUMENLos ambientes de alta-montaña se caracterizan por presentar condiciones climáticas adversas para el desarrollo de las plantas. Dentro de estas condiciones climáticas destacan las bajas temperaturas del aire y del sustrato, la alta radiación lumínica y el déficit hídrico. Se ha documentado que la alta radiación lumínica y las bajas temperaturas típicas de la alta-montaña serían propicias para la fotoinhibición. No obstante, existen muchas plantas que pueden distribuirse de manera exitosa sobre gradientes altitudinales, sugiriendo la presencia de estrategias para lidiar con las condiciones climáticas adversas. En el presente estudio se evaluaron diferentes estrategias fotoprotectoras tanto morfológicas como fisiológicas que poseen las especies Taraxacum officinale G.Weber ex F.H.Wigg. (Asteraceae) y Phacelia secunda F.J.Gmel. (Hydrophyllaceae) creciendo en dos poblaciones. Se midieron los atributos morfológicos y fisiológicos en individuos de ambas especies creciendo a los 2.600 y 3.600 m, en Los Andes de Chile central. Los resultados muestran que en T. officinale variaron cuatro de los seis atributos morfológicos medidos entre las dos altitudes, no obstante P. secunda presentó variación con la altitud en todos sus atributos morfológicos. Por otro lado, los individuos de T. officinale que crecen a mayor altitud presentaron significativamente una mayor concentración de pigmentos implicados en el ciclo de las xantófilas, mientras que P. secunda no presentó diferencias, sugiriendo que T. officinale tiene una mayor capacidad para disipar la energía solar como calor. En ambas especies, el estado de desepoxidación fue mayor en aquellos individuos provenientes de la población de mayor altitud. Los resultados sugieren que mientras T. officinale posee una estrategia principalmente fisiológica para lidiar con las condiciones fotoinhibitorias de la alta-montaña, P. secunda posee una estrategia principalmente morfológica. No obstante estas estrategias más que ser excluyentes parecen ser complementarias. De esta manera, la presencia de una determinada especie en la zona de la alta-montaña dependerá en gran medida de las estrategias particulares que posea cada una de ellas para evitar la fotoinhibición por alta radiación y bajas temperaturas típica de las zonas de la alta-montaña de Chile central. Palabras clave:Ángulos foliares, bajas temperaturas, ciclo de las xantófilas, foto-protección, Los Andes. ABSTRACTHigh-mountain environments are characterized by stressful climatic conditions for the development of plants. Some of these conditions are low temperatures of air and soil, high radiation, and water shortage. It has been documented that high radiation and low temperatures are favorable conditions for inducing photoinhibition. Nevertheless, there are plant species that successfully live on extended altitudinal gradients, suggesting the presence of strategies to cope with stressful climatic conditions. In this study we assessed the different photoprotective strategies, both morphological and physiological in Taraxacum ...

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“…and Cerastium arvense L. (e.g. Cavieres et al 2005Cavieres et al , 2007Badano et al 2007). Probably life-forms of contrasting architectures (i.e.…”

Section: Plant Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Shrubs as foundation species in a high tropical alpine ecosystem: a multi-scale analysis of plant spatial interactions

Cáceres

Llambí

Rada

2014

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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Background: Studies on plant-plant interactions in alpine ecosystems show a strong bias for temperate vs. tropical latitudes and pay limited attention to the implications of biophysical heterogeneity beyond the local plant scale. Aims: To evaluate the effects of a dominant shrub (Hypericum laricifolium) on community organisation, integrating multiple scales of analysis, in a high Andean páramo in Venezuela. Methods: We compared plant cover, species richness and Shannon diversity between plots placed under the shrub and outside (plant scale); quantified the spatial relations of Hypericum with its conspecifics, heterospecifics and rocks at different radial distances, using covariance functions (patch scale); analysed the effects of Hypericum shrubs on total species richness in the community (site scale); and evaluated the consistency of our results among four sites within the same region (between-site scale). Results: Average species richness, Shannon diversity, and the abundance of common forbs and conspecific shrubs were consistently higher inside the Hypericum shrub, while the exotic Rumex acetosella was more abundant in open areas. However, the aggregated spatial distribution of conspecifics and other species extended beyond the local plant scale and there were no clear effects of Hypericum shrubs on community-level species richness. Conclusions: Shrubs can function as foundation species in tropical alpine environments, modifying local community structure and alpha diversity, but not necessarily the species richness of the overall community. Our results stress the need of analysing multiple spatial scales to interpret the role of plant-plant interactions (facilitation/competition) in heterogeneous alpine ecosystems.

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Nurse effect of the native cushion plant Azorella monantha on the invasive non-native Taraxacum officinale in the high-Andes of central Chile

Cited by 152 publications

References 35 publications

Arrival order among native plant functional groups does not affect invasibility of constructed dune communities

Arrival order among native plant functional groups does not affect invasibility of constructed dune communities

Variación altitudinal de los atributos morfo-fisiológicos en dos especies de plantas alto-andinas y sus implicancias contra la fotoinhibición

Shrubs as foundation species in a high tropical alpine ecosystem: a multi-scale analysis of plant spatial interactions

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