KEYWORDS mental health, prostatic neoplasms, psychological symptoms, prostate cancer, quality of life, survivors, survivorship, supportive care 1 | BACKGROUND Although men with prostate cancer are living longer, they are not necessarily living well, with symptom burden increasing and HRQoL declining over time. 1 For many men, the first five years after diagnosis is marked by unmet needs, debilitating disease and treatment-related bowel, urinary and sexual symptoms. 2 To date, few studies have examined the trajectories of men over the 10 years after diagnosis. 3 To advance survivorship care, it is crucial to understand what factors drive long-term (10 year) health outcomes after a prostate cancer diagnosis. Accordingly, this study extends our previous research 4 to report physical and mental HRQoL, life satisfaction and symptom burden of men over the 10 years after prostate cancer diagnosis. 2 | METHOD 2.1 | Study setting and participants This study of newly diagnosed adult men with prostate cancer was conducted in Queensland, Australia. Sampling strategy and methods are previously described. 4 Ethical approval was obtained from the Queensland University of Technology Human Research Ethics Committee (Approval No.3629H). In total, 1291 men were approached, 1064 consented, and 598 (56%) completed the final10-year questionnaire. Self-administered questionnaires and computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed at baseline, and 2,6,12,24,36,48,60,72,84,96,108 and 120 months after the commencement of treatment.
| Measures and statistical analysesParticipants' demographics and clinical characteristics have been previously described. 4 Outcome measures included Disease-specific (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite; EPIC) and HRQoL (Short Form 36; SF-36); Satisfaction with Life (Satisfaction with Life Scale; SWLS) (see Figures 1a-1c). 5-7 Growth mixture models (GMMs) in Mplus (Muthen and Muthen, 2015, Mplus User's Guide http://www.statmodel.com/usersguide/chapter8.shtml) were adopted to identify trajectory classes and predictors using 10-year follow-up data, with EPIC longitudinal subscales as time-varying covariates. 4 Missing EPIC /journal/pon were computed using multiple-imputation (10 repetitions), but participants with >9 missing values in EPIC or with missing data in other predictors were excluded (sample size reduced to n=928). The number of trajectory classes was determined using the Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test.
ORCIDNicholas Ralph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-9996 Suzanne K. Chambers https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2369-6111