Nurses' Health Education Program in India Increases HIV Knowledge and Reduces Fear

Pisal, Hemlata; Sutar, S.; Sastry, Jayagowri; Kapadia-Kundu, Nandita; Joshi, Aparna; Joshi, Mangala; Leslie, Jo M.; Scotti, Lisa; Bharucha, K. E.; Suryavanshi, Nishi; Phadke, M. A.; Bollinger, Robert C.; Shankar, Anita

doi:10.1016/j.jana.2007.06.002

Cited by 54 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…programmes have been shown in previous studies to reduce fear and increase knowledge amongst nurses (Ezedinachi et al, 2002;Pisal et al, 2007), and perhaps among other HCWs. Provision of the wherewithal to maintain universal precautions as well as post-exposure protocols should be facilitated in health care settings.…”

Section: Article Originalmentioning

confidence: 89%

Attitude of health care workers to patients and colleagues infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Sadoh

Fawole

et al. 2009

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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Discrimination against persons living with HIV/AIDS in hospital settings has been documented. This study examined the attitude of health care workers (HCWs) to nurses, doctors and patients infected with HIV. A total of 345 respondents selected by multistage sampling techniques were surveyed, using a semi-structured questionnaire, which explored respondents' attitude to HIV-infected patients and colleagues with HIV/AIDS. HCWs were unwilling to accept that medical procedures be carried out on them by HIVinfected doctors and nurses, with almost 80% refusing surgery or assistance at surgery on them by an HIV-infected doctor or nurse. They were also significantly more unwilling to accept that medical procedures be carried out on them by an infected colleague, compared with their carrying out the same procedure on an HIV-infected patient. Thus, HCWs seemed to believe that the risk of contracting HIV was higher if an infected HCW were to perform medical procedures on them, and fear of contracting HIV seemed to be the driving force for their negative attitudes. Education on occupational risks of HIV, provision of a safe working environment with enforcement of universal precautions, as well as provision of post-exposure prophylaxis are suggested as ways to enable HCWs to change their attitudes.

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Section: Article Originalmentioning

confidence: 89%

Attitude of health care workers to patients and colleagues infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Sadoh

Fawole

et al. 2009

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the study by Mahendra et al (2007) half of the health staff felt that the need for consent prior to testing was exaggerated and just 39% agreed that patients' blood should never be tested for HIV without their consent. Pisal et al (2007) similarly reported high agreement among nursing staff of a government hospital on an attitudinal scale measuring agreement (100)/ disagreement (0) to statements related to themes of informed consent and patient confidentiality. For example, high mean agreement scores were obtained on statements that said testing for HIV of a surgery patient without his/her consent is not a problem (74.7) or that labelling the beds of HIV patients is a good practice (56.1).…”

Section: Multiple Contexts Of Stigma and Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Interview and focus group discussion are the main methods used. Quantitative studies are based on samples ranging in size from 200 to 97 240 respondents from the student, general population (NACO, BSS-2006) and health staff (Mahendra et al, 2007;Pisal et al, 2007). Few studies have drawn samples from low income or rural communities (Bharat et al, 2001;Pallikadavath et al, 2005;Rogers, et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodology Of Hiv/aids Stigma Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health care settings are reported to be the most significant contexts for stigma and discrimination in India (Bharat et al, 2001;Thomas et al, 2005;Mahendra et al, 2007;Pisal, Sutar, Sastry, Kapadia-Kundu, Joshi, Leslie et al, 2007;Elamon, 2005;Paxton et al, 2005). Across staff levels attitudes towards positive patients are unfavourable and the basis for their discriminatory acts.…”

Section: Multiple Contexts Of Stigma and Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another stigma reduction intervention with nursing staff at a hospital in Pune (Pisal et al, 2007), the training modules of the Horizons-Population Council/ Sharan intervention (Mahendra & Gilborn, 2004) were used to increase factual knowledge about HIV and AIDS, skills in clinical management and counseling of HIV patients, and influence attitudes towards care of positive patients. A pre-post intervention design was used to assess intervention impact through a 96-item questionnaire.…”

Section: Interventions To Reduce Aids-related Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in India: Current understanding and future needs

Bharat

2011

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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HIV/AIDS-related stigma is recognised as a major barrier to HIV prevention efforts and an impediment to mitigating its impact on individuals and communities. This paper reviews the existing research literature on AIDS stigma in India with the objective of documenting the current status of research, highlighting major findings and identifying key gaps remaining. Thirty publications were identified through a careful search of which a majority focused on stigma assessment and very few on stigma measurement, conceptual aspects of stigma or stigma reduction interventions. A few standardised stigma measures are available but more are required to assess causes of stigma among general population and compounded and internalised stigma among positive people. Research exploring linkages between stigma and HIV services uptake or the effect of HIV care and treatment programs on stigma levels are largely missing and need to be prioritised. In addition, more research is needed to advance conceptual understanding of stigma within the cultural context of the country including research on the neglected groups such as, transgender people. Context-specific (health care, community) interventions are needed to address various forms of stigma – enacted, perceived, internalised and layered – including structural approaches besides inter-personal and information-based approaches. A major gap relates to meager research on developing and evaluating stigma reduction interventions and needs priority focus. Overall, the review recommends developing a national agenda on AIDS stigma research and interventions to help realise the government's goal of stigma reduction.

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Results from a difference‐in‐differences evaluation of health facility HIV and key population stigma‐reduction interventions in Ghana

Nyblade

Addo²,

Atuahene

et al. 2020

J Intern AIDS Soc

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Introduction: Stigma undermines all aspects of a comprehensive HIV response, as reflected in recent global initiatives for stigma-reduction. Yet a commensurate response to systematically tackle stigma within country responses has not yet occurred, which may be due to the lack of sufficient evidence documenting evaluated stigma-reduction interventions. With stigma present in all life spheres, health facilities offer a logical starting point for developing and expanding stigma reduction interventions. This study evaluates the impact of a "total facility" stigma-reduction intervention on the drivers and manifestations of stigma and discrimination among health facility staff in Ghana. Methods: We evaluated the impact of a total facility stigma-reduction intervention by comparing five intervention to five comparable non-intervention health facilities in Ghana. Interventions began in September 2017. Data collection was in June 2017 and April 2018. The primary outcomes were composite indicators for three stigma drivers, self-reported stigmatizing avoidance behaviour, and observed discrimination. The principal intervention variable was whether the respondent worked at an intervention or comparison facility. We estimated intervention effects as differences-in-differences in each outcome, further adjusted using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Results: We observed favourable intervention effects for all outcome domains except for stigmatizing attitudes. Preferring not to provide services to people living with HIV (PLHIV) or a key population member improved 11.1% more in intervention than comparison facility respondents (95% CI 3.2 to 19.0). Other significant improvements included knowledge of policies to protect against discrimination (difference-in-differences = 20.4%; 95% CI 12.7 to 28.0); belief that discrimination would be punished (11.2%; 95% CI 0.2 to 22.3); and knowledge of and belief in the adequacy of infection control policies (17.6%; 95% CI 8.3 to 26.9). Reported observation of stigma and discrimination incidents fell by 7.4 percentage points more among intervention than comparison facility respondents, though only marginally significant in the IPTW-adjusted model (p = 0.06). Respondents at intervention facilities were 19.0% (95% CI 12.2 to 25.8) more likely to report that staff behaviour towards PLHIV had improved over the last year than those at comparison facilities. Conclusions: These results provide a foundation for scaling up health facility stigma-reduction within national HIV responses, though they should be accompanied by rigorous implementation science to ensure ongoing learning and adaptation for maximum effectiveness and long-term impact.

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Nurses' Health Education Program in India Increases HIV Knowledge and Reduces Fear

Cited by 54 publications

References 19 publications

Attitude of health care workers to patients and colleagues infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Attitude of health care workers to patients and colleagues infected with human immunodeficiency virus

A systematic review of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in India: Current understanding and future needs

Results from a difference‐in‐differences evaluation of health facility HIV and key population stigma‐reduction interventions in Ghana

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