Patient safety has evolved and developed in the context of hospital care. The understanding we have of the epidemiology of error and harm, the causes and contributory factors and the potential solutions are almost entirely hospital based. Safety in home care is likely to require different concepts, approaches and solutions. Safety in this context has however been barely addressed and yet care provided in the home will soon become the most important context for healthcare delivery.The term 'home care' can encompass a variety of residential settings in which people are cared for by family, nurses and other professionals. In this chapter we use the term in a more restricted way to refer to the care of people in their own home, with varying degrees of informal and professional support. We focus on people with illnesses, usually chronic conditions, who are either living independently or being supported in their own homes by family or professional carers. Much healthcare is already delivered in the patient's home and this form of provision is growing rapidly. The benefi ts of home based care have been widely discussed, but the risks have not been fully articulated. In this chapter we fi rst briefl y summarise the background to the expansion of home care and then consider the nature and challenges for patient safety and the strategies that might help us manage risk in the home.
An Ageing Population and the Expansion of Home CareMore than 20 % of citizens in developed countries will be over 65 in 2020. These people, while enjoying better quality of life than previous generations, will suffer from a variety of long term conditions. As we discussed earlier, patients with cancer, heart disease, dementia, renal and respiratory disorders may now live for decades with their disease. The most common causes of disability however are due to sight and hearing disorders which affect very large numbers of people and are particularly pertinent to safety in the home. As well as an absolute increase in the numbers of older people, there will also be a considerable relative increase. The socalled 'support ratio' -the ratio of people of working age to those over 65 -will