“…In general, the systems thinking is rated as moderate, which is lower than previous studies; the mean score for total systems thinking was 49.45 (SD = 12.10), which is lower than the mean scores for several previous studies, in Iran (63.25, SD = 9.20), in South Korea (54.5, SD = 7.3) and at Johns Hopkins, School of Medicine (61.15, SD = 10.55) (Aboumatar et al, 2012; Hwang & Park, 2017; Moazez et al, 2020). Furthermore, about a quarter of the study participants (24.85%) have high competency for systems thinking, which is slightly higher than a study conducted in Korea (20%) (Hwang & Park, 2017).…”