Nursing and midwifery management of hypoglycaemia in healthy term neonates

Hewitt, Vivien; Watts, Robin; Robertson, Jeanette; Haddow, Gaby

doi:10.1111/j.1479-6988.2005.00025.x

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Hewitt in 2005 [19] also found the lowest blood glucose levels <25mg/dl at 3-6 h of age after systematic analysis of breastfed term infants. Findings in our study can be partly explained by the fact that most of the preterm SGA had hypoglycemia and it is known that establishment of enteral feeds is essential for metabolic adaptation from intrauterine continuous nutrient supply to extrauterine intermittent supply of nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Study of blood glucose level in normal and low birth weight newborns and impact of early breast feeding in a tertiary care centre

Biswas

Samanta

et al. 2011

Ann Nigerian Med

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A B S T R A C TBackground and Objectives: Neonatal hypoglycemia, a common metabolic problem, often goes unnoticed owing to lack of specifi c symptoms. We designed this study to assess the incidence of hypoglycemia in healthy normal birth weight and low birth weight babies, including both preterm and small for gestational age (SGA) newborns, to evaluate the impact of early breastfeeding on hypoglycemia and to assess the impact of exclusive breast feeding on glucose values up to 48 h of age. Design and Settings: A hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over six months involving one hundred fi fty healthy (both term and preterm) appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or SGA babies with birth weight between 1.5 kg and 3.99 kg. Blood glucose values were measured at the age of 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after delivery which was independent of feeding time. Blood glucose value less than 40 mg/dl (2.2 mmol/l) was defi ned as hypoglycemia. Sick newborns, those less than 34 weeks of gestation or less than 1500 g, infant of diabetic mother, those with birth asphyxia, congenital malformations and endocrine defi ciencies were excluded. Results: Overall incidence of hypoglycemia was 32%. Hypoglycemia was signifi cantly greater in SGA and preterm as compared to AGA and term newborns respectively (P<0.001). Incidence of hypoglycemia was signifi cantly more in newborns with delayed breast feeding than early breast feeding (64% vs 17%; P<0.001). Conclusion: Low birth weight babies (both preterm and small-for-date) are prone to develop hypoglycemia especially in fi rst 24 h of life with delayed introduction of breast feeding being an additional risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Study of blood glucose level in normal and low birth weight newborns and impact of early breast feeding in a tertiary care centre

Biswas

Samanta

et al. 2011

Ann Nigerian Med

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“…There is evidence that SSC after a normal birth has a positive impact on the mother and her newborn (Ferber & Makhoul ; Hewitt et al . ; Overfield et al . ; Mercer et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that SSC after a normal birth has a positive impact on the mother and her newborn (Ferber & Makhoul 2004;Hewitt et al 2005;Overfield et al 2005;Mercer et al 2007;Walters et al 2007;Gabriel et al 2010;Moore et al 2012), and that it can improve breastfeeding outcomes (Moore et al 2012). The seven papers in this review highlight some of the benefits of providing SSC immediately, or soon after a Caesarean section, including physiological stability and emotional well-being of mothers and their newborns, potential reduction in maternal pain, increase in parent and newborn communication, and an improvement in breastfeeding outcomes (Finigan & Davies 2004;Nolan & Lawrence 2009;Gouchon et al 2010;Velandia et al 2010Velandia et al , 2012Hung & Berg 2011;Crenshaw et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many advantages associated with SSC provided soon after birth. SSC helps maintain newborn thermoregulation (Hewitt et al 2005;Overfield et al 2005;Mercer et al 2007;Walters et al 2007;Gabriel et al 2010) and blood glucose levels (Hewitt et al 2005;Overfield et al 2005;Walters et al 2007); decreases the risk of jaundice (Overfield et al 2005); reduces the stress of birth (Ferber & Makhoul 2004); encourages bonding between the mother and newborn (Overfield et al 2005;Mercer et al 2007); and encourages longer duration of breastfeeding (Overfield et al 2005;Mercer et al 2007;Gabriel et al 2010). Moore et al (2012), in a systematic review, shows that early SSC increases breastfeeding duration following a normal vaginal birth.…”

Section: Benefits Of Sscmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immediate or early skin‐to‐skin contact after a Caesarean section: a review of the literature

Stevens

Schmied

Burns

et al. 2014

Maternal & Child Nutrition

194

147

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The World Health Organization and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund recommends that mothers and newborns have skin-to-skin contact immediately after a vaginal birth, and as soon as the mother is alert and responsive after a Caesarean section. Skin-to-skin contact can be defined as placing a naked infant onto the bare chest of the mother. Caesarean birth is known to reduce initiation of breastfeeding, increase the length of time before the first breastfeed, reduce the incidence of exclusive breastfeeding, significantly delay the onset of lactation and increase the likelihood of supplementation. The aim of this review is to evaluate evidence on the facilitation of immediate (within minutes) or early (within 1 h) skin-to-skin contact following Caesarean section for healthy mothers and their healthy term newborns, and identify facilitators, barriers and associated maternal and newborn outcomes. A range of electronic databases were searched for papers reporting research findings published in English between January 2003 and October 2013. Seven papers met the criteria. This review has provided some evidence that with appropriate collaboration skin-to-skin contact during Caesarean surgery can be implemented. Further evidence was provided, albeit limited, that immediate or early skin-to-skin contact after a Caesarean section may increase breastfeeding initiation, decrease time to the first breastfeed, reduce formula supplementation in hospital, increase bonding and maternal satisfaction, maintain the temperature of newborns and reduce newborn stress.

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“…Hastaların %80'ininde 1p31 geninde A985G mutasyonu vardır (56)(57)(58). Fetüste uzun zincirli açil KoA dehidrogenaz eksikliği olduğunda, heterozigot annede HELLP sendromu (hemoliz, KC enzimlerinde artış, trombositopeni), hiperemezesis gravidarum ya da yağlı karaciğer gözlenebilir (59).…”

Section: Yağ Asidi Oksidasyon Bozukluklarıunclassified

Management of Hypoglycemia in Neonatal Period

Sangün¹,

Dündar²

2013

jcp

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ÖZETYenidoğanların enerji gereksinimi fazla, birçok enzim sistemleri ve substratları ise sıklıkla yetersizdir. Bu yüzden yenidoğan döneminde hipoglisemiye yatkınlık fazladır. Bu dönemde gözlenen hipoglisemiler, sıklıkla geçici karakterde olup, spesifi k klinik bulgu vermezler. Yenidoğanın keton ve laktat gibi alternatif enerji kaynakları düşüktür ve glukoz yenidoğanın başlıca enerji kaynağı olup, temel olarak beyin tarafından kullanılır. Günümüzde hipogliseminin nörogelişimsel gerilik ve kalıcı nörolojik hasarla ilişkili olduğu bilinmekte ve riskli bebeklerin korunması için hipoglisemi sınırları, izlem gerektiren durumlar ve tedavi protokolleri konusunda yaklaşımlar geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Hipoglisemi tedavisi özellikle de hasta semptomatikse acildir ve nedene yönelik araştırmalar devam ederken başlatılmalıdır. Postnatal erken dönemde ve özellikle anne sütü ile beslenme yenidoğanı hipoglisemiden korumakta oldukça etkilidir. Dirençli ve uzun süren hipoglisemilerde ileri araştırmalar yapılmalı ve nedene yönelik tedaviler uygulanmalıdır. (Gün cel Pe di at ri 2013; 11: 31-8) Anah tar ke li me ler: Yenidoğan, hipoglisemi, tedavi SUM MARYAlthough neonates have high energy requirement, most of their enzyme systems are immature and substrates are inadequate. Therefore they have a predisposition for hypoglycemia. There are no specifi c clinic symptoms and signs for hypoglycemia in neonatal period and it is usually transient. Alternative energy sources of the neonate like ketones and lactate are low and glucose is the major source of energy which is mainly used by the brain. Due to well known relation of hypoglycemia with neurodevelopemental delay and neurologic impairment, levels of hypoglycemia for at risk babies, conditions which require monitoring and treatment protocols are studied on. Treatment of hypoglycemia is an emergency especially when the patient is symptomatic and must be initiated together with the etiologic investigation. Early postnatal feeding particularly with human milk is quite effective in preventing from neonatal hypoglycemia. Further investigation must be performed in prolonged or resistant hypoglycemia which requires etiology-oriented approach. (Jo ur nal of Cur rent Pe di at rics 2013; 11: 31-8)

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Nursing and midwifery management of hypoglycaemia in healthy term neonates

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Study of blood glucose level in normal and low birth weight newborns and impact of early breast feeding in a tertiary care centre

Study of blood glucose level in normal and low birth weight newborns and impact of early breast feeding in a tertiary care centre

Immediate or early skin‐to‐skin contact after a Caesarean section: a review of the literature

Management of Hypoglycemia in Neonatal Period

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