Nursing theories in professional training and practice: perception of postgraduate nursing students

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the perception of postgraduate students about nursing theories in professional training and practice. Methods: it was a qualitative research with 22 students enrolled in the Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Care class of a postgraduate nursing course. Results: the lack of teaching of nursing theories at the undergraduate level and the need to insert this object of study in the curricula of the courses were verified, since they support and guide nurses' actions, corroborating the relationship between theory and practice. The theories conferred scientific thinking and added value to professional performance, ensuring quality and recognition to the profession. Conclusion: the contact with the theories in undergraduate studies is limited and resuming the thematic in postgraduation is indicated as opportune. In the perception of the postgraduate students, the knowledge on nursing theories allows professionals to extract their essence, scientifically strengthen their practice and, thus, recognize them as work guidelines. Descriptors: Education, Higher; Education, Nursing, Graduate; Nursing Theory; Nursing Education Research.Objetivo: analisar a percepção de pós-graduandos acerca das teorias de enfermagem na formação e na prática profissional. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, com 22 alunos matriculados na disciplina Fundamentos Teóricos do Cuidado em Enfermagem de um curso de pós-graduação em enfermagem. Resultados: evidenciaram-se a carência do ensino das teorias de enfermagem na graduação e a necessidade de inserção deste objeto de estudo nos currículos dos cursos, uma vez que elas sustentam e norteiam as ações do enfermeiro, respaldando a relação entre teoria e prática. As teorias conferiram pensamento científico e agregaram valor ao fazer profissional, assegurando qualidade e reconhecimento à profissão. Conclusão: o contato com as teorias na graduação é limitado, e a retomada da temática na pós-graduação é apontada como oportuna. Na percepção dos pós-graduandos, o conhecimento das teorias de enfermagem permite ao profissional extrair sua essência, fortalecer cientificamente sua prática e, assim, reconhecê-las como norteadoras do trabalho.

200 years of Florence Nightingale: contributions to the professional practice of nurses in hospitals

“…The aforementioned had already been verified by other authors, since, even following the national guidelines regarding the contents of the curricular units, there is diversity in the operationalization of the curricula by the educational institutions, which is reflected in the selection and diversity of approaches to theoretical nursing frameworks (20,(23)(24)(25) . As a consequence, the relevance that nursing students and nurses attribute to a theoretical nursing framework and the agreement regarding its contribution to their professional practice can be influenced by previous training experiences.…”

“…With the conviction that the professional practice of nurses is influenced by the theoretical frameworks with which these professionals are most identified (11) , the results of this study suggest that, even after a century of her death, Nightingalean assumptions continue to inspire and influence the professional performance of nurses (3,13) , simultaneously, facilitating the knowledge of the scientific roots of the profession (20) .…”

“…Other authors add that the current divergence between what nursing theories propose and the practice of professionals can be related to three factors: decrease in the content taught on nursing theories, lack of attribution of meanings from theoretical concepts to professional practice and the organization of nursing care with a focus on the biomedical model (2,20) . In addition, the fact that nurses' knowledge about theoretical frameworks is often centered on the precursor theoreticians of modern nursing and the models they formulate (22) can explain nurses' high agreement with Florence Nightingale's conceptions of nursing, person, health and environment.…”

“…In continuation of the aforementioned, authors clarify that the writings of this theory, even supporting several current actions, present some aspects that require updating (1) , mainly when observing their contribution to the professional practice of nurses in some care contexts. Considering that the use of theoretical nursing references must reflect and contemplate the demands of the work scenario (2) , nurses, when familiar with the metaparadigmatic concepts and their meanings, are able to select the references that best suit their context (7,20) . In this study, when evaluating the attributes that influence the degree of agreement with Nightingale's conceptions, it was identified that, in all concepts, the two attributes related to the environment stood out: the region of the country and the work context.…”

Prática profissional no contexto hospitalar: visão de enfermeiros sobre contribuições das concepções de Dorothea Orem

“…3 Embora se reconheça que nem todas as teorias se adequam às diversas realidades contextuais, cabe aos enfermeiros identificar as que melhor se ajustam às demandas do cuidado profissional, considerando o seu potencial para sustentar o exercício profissional. [2][3] Acresce que o cuidado de enfermagem para ser implementado com qualidade deve estar ancorado nas teorias de enfermagem, [5][6] que com diferentes olhares permitem explicar os fenômenos inerentes à prática dos enfermeiros. 1 Ao fundamentar a sua atuação em teóricas da profissão, os enfermeiros conferem sentido à sua prática assistencial, com potencial diferenciação na construção do raciocínio e do julgamento clínico, bem como revelar-se mais subsidiados para definir as intervenções de enfermagem e alcançar melhores resultados.…”