NuSTAR Observations of 52 Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey

Tanimoto, A.; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Odaka, Hirokazu; Yamada, Satoshi; Ricci, Cláudio

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac5f59

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Our large data set is able to break the degeneracy model and show that a solution like the one found in Marchesi et al (2019) is preferred, in where our photon index and average N H are in perfect agreement within errors. Our best-fit values are also in accordance, within errors, with the ones reported by Tanimoto et al (2022), where one NuSTAR and one XMM-Newton observation, as well as Swift/ XRT data are fitted using the XClumpy code (Tanimoto et al 2019). They find G = -+ 1.88 0.16 0.12 and an average hydrogen column density of = -+ N 15.3 10 H,av 3.25 13.5 24 cm −2 , both in agreement with our results.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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A Multiepoch X-Ray Study of the Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 7479: Linking Column Density Variability to the Torus Geometry

Pizzetti

Torres-Albà

Marchesi

et al. 2022

ApJ

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Active galactic nuclei are powered by accreting supermassive black holes, surrounded by a torus of obscuring material. Recent studies have shown how the torus structure, formerly thought to be homogeneous, appears to be “patchy”: the detection of variability in the line-of-sight hydrogen column density, in fact, matches the description of an obscurer with a complex structure made of clouds with different column density. In this work, we perform a multiepoch analysis of the X-ray spectra of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7479 in order to estimate its torus properties, such as the average column density and the covering factor. The measurement of the line-of-sight hydrogen column density variability of the torus allows us to obtain an upper limit on the cloud distance from the central engine. In addition, using the X-ray luminosity of the source, we estimate the Eddington ratio to be in a range of λ Edd = 0.04–0.05 over all epochs.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This leads us to the computation of an Eddington ratio range of λ Edd = 0.03-0.05, where λ Edd = L Bol /L Edd . This result is in agreement with the value found by Tanimoto et al (2022) of λ Edd = 0.037.…”

Section: Bolometric Luminosity Smbh Mass and Eddington Ratiosupporting

confidence: 93%

A Multiepoch X-Ray Study of the Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 7479: Linking Column Density Variability to the Torus Geometry

Pizzetti

Torres-Albà

Marchesi

et al. 2022

ApJ

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“…The all-sky Swift/BAT survey, in particular, has detected ∼1100 AGNs in the 14-195 keV band (Oh et al 2018). X-ray follow-up of BAT-detected sources showed that a significant fraction (∼20%-30%) of local AGNs are obscured by Compton-thick material (CT, ( ) N log cm H 2 - 24; e.g., Burlon et al 2011;Ricci et al 2015;Akylas et al 2016;Marchesi et al 2018;Torres-Albà et al 2021;Tanimoto et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BASS XXXVII: The Role of Radiative Feedback in the Growth and Obscuration Properties of Nearby Supermassive Black Holes

Ricci

Ananna

Temple

et al. 2022

ApJ

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We study the relation between obscuration and supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion using a large sample of hard X-ray selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We find a strong decrease in the fraction of obscured sources above the Eddington limit for dusty gas ( log λ Edd ≳ − 2 ) confirming earlier results, and consistent with the radiation-regulated unification model. This also explains the difference in the Eddington ratio distribution functions (ERDFs) of type 1 and type 2 AGNs obtained by a recent study. The break in the ERDF of nearby AGNs is at log λ Edd * = − 1.34 ± 0.07 . This corresponds to the λ Edd where AGNs transition from having most of their sky covered by obscuring material to being mostly devoid of absorbing material. A similar trend is observed for the luminosity function, which implies that most of the SMBH growth in the local universe happens when the AGN is covered by a large reservoir of gas and dust. These results could be explained with a radiation-regulated growth model, in which AGNs move in the N H–λ Edd plane during their life cycle. The growth episode starts with the AGN mostly unobscured and accreting at low λ Edd. As the SMBH is further fueled, λ Edd, N H and the covering factor increase, leading the AGN to be preferentially observed as obscured. Once λ Edd reaches the Eddington limit for dusty gas, the covering factor and N H rapidly decrease, leading the AGN to be typically observed as unobscured. As the remaining fuel is depleted, the SMBH goes back into a quiescent phase.

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“…A key component to understanding the AGN feeding mechanism is the so-called "torus" (e.g., Urry & Padovani 1995;Almeida & Ricci 2017), which is considered the fuel reservoir of the SMBH. The spectral signatures of the X-ray radiation absorbed and/or reprocessed by the torus can provide constraints on its covering fraction and column density (e.g., Kawamuro et al 2016;Tanimoto et al 2020;Toba et al 2020;Uematsu et al 2021;Tanimoto et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband X-Ray Spectral Analysis of the Dual AGN System Mrk 739

Inaba

Ueda

Yamada

et al. 2022

ApJ

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We present the result of a broadband (0.5–70 keV) X-ray spectral analysis of the late-merger galaxy Mrk 739, which contains a dual active galactic nucleus (AGN), Mrk 739E and Mrk 739W, with a separation of ≈3.4 kpc. The spectra obtained with NuSTAR, Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Swift/BAT are simultaneously analyzed by separating the contributions from the two AGNs and extended emission with the Chandra data. To evaluate the reflection components from the AGN tori, we consider two models, a phenomenological one (redpexrav and zgauss) and a more physically motivated one (XCLUMPY). On the basis of the results with XCLUMPY, we find that the AGNs in Mrk 739E and Mrk 739W have intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosities of 1.0 × 1043 and 7.5 × 1041 erg s−1 absorbed by hydrogen column densities of N H < 6.5 × 1019 cm−2 and N H = 6.9 − 1.7 + 3.2 × 10 21 cm − 2 , respectively. The torus-covering fraction of the material with N H > 1022cm−2 in Mrk 739E, C T ( 22 ) < 0.50 at a 90% confidence limit, is found to be smaller than those found for late-merger ultra/luminous infrared galaxies, C T ( 22 ) = 0.71 ± 0.16 (mean and standard deviation). Considering the small star formation rate of Mrk 739E, we suggest that the gas-to-mass ratio of the host galaxy is an important parameter to determine the circumnuclear environment of an AGN in a late merger.

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NuSTAR Observations of 52 Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey

Abstract: We present systematic broadband X-ray spectral analysis of 52 Compton-thick ( 24 ≤ log N H LOS … Show more

Cited by 29 publications

References 105 publications

A Multiepoch X-Ray Study of the Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 7479: Linking Column Density Variability to the Torus Geometry

A Multiepoch X-Ray Study of the Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 7479: Linking Column Density Variability to the Torus Geometry

BASS XXXVII: The Role of Radiative Feedback in the Growth and Obscuration Properties of Nearby Supermassive Black Holes

Broadband X-Ray Spectral Analysis of the Dual AGN System Mrk 739

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