Nut consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Becerra‐Tomás, Nerea; Paz‐Graniel, Indira; Kendall, Cyril W.C.; Kahleová, Hana; Rahelić, Dario; Sievenpiper, John L.; Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi

doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuz042

Cited by 121 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Reference lists of chosen articles were also screened for related publications. A previous review [4] examined 34 meta-analyses, and this review added 7 new meta-analyses [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A flow chart for the identified studies is included in this review in Figure 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present review, one meta-analysis of prospective studies conducted by Becerra-Tomas et al, 2019 [8] was included. They [8] showed nut consumption decreased CVD mortality (413,727 subjects and 14,475 cases) by 23% (relative risk (RR) = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72, 0.82; I 2 = 3%; p heterogeneity = 0.42) in a meta-analysis of 14 prospective studies (9 publications [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] comparing high vs low nut consumption categories). This reduction was similar to that shown in other meta-analyses.…”

Section: Cvd Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses

Kim

Keogh

Clifton

2019

IJERPH

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Aim We aimed to determine if nut consumption decreases mortality and/or the risk of cardiometabolic diseases based on updated meta-analyses of epidemiological and intervention studies. Methods. An updated electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library databases for original meta-analyses to investigate the effects of nut consumption on cardiometabolic disease in humans. Results. Seven new meta-analyses were included in this updated review. Findings similar to our previous review were observed, showing that nut consumption significantly decreased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (−19% to −25%; n = 4), coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (−24% to −30%; n = 3), stroke mortality (−17% to −18%; n = 3), CVD incidence (−15% to −19 %; n = 4), CHD [or coronary artery disease (CAD)] incidence (−17% to −34%; n = 8), and stroke incidence (−10% to −11%; n = 6) comparing high with low categories of nut consumption. Fasting glucose levels (0.08 to 0.15 mmol/L; n = 6), total cholesterol (TC; 0.021 to 0.30 mmol/L; n = 10), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 0.017 to 0.26 mmol/L; n = 10) were significantly decreased with nut consumption compared with control diets. Body weight and blood pressure were not significantly affected by nut consumption. Conclusion. Nut consumption appears to exert a protective effect on cardiometabolic disease, possibly through improved concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL-C.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cvd Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses

Kim

Keogh

Clifton

2019

IJERPH

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“…Participants were provided with a portion of snack foods equivalent to~15% of their EER. For the AED group this was calculated to the nearest gram and for the NFD group this was to the nearest 1 2 biscuit (or grams for potato chips) for practical reasons. Participants were asked to consume their allocated snack food 6 days per week for 12 weeks.…”

Section: Dietary Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Habitual nut intake has long been associated with cardiovascular benefits including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1], decreased incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) [2], and decreased risk of type II diabetes [3]. Tree nuts are an important source of nutrients, containing phytochemicals, antioxidants, and a healthy lipid profile (rich in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids), all of which are thought to mediate the beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic effects through altered lipid metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a 12-Week Almond-Enriched Diet on Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Overweight Adults

et al. 2020

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Long term nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease and better cognitive function. This study examined supplementing habitual diets with almonds or carbohydrate-rich snack foods (providing 15% energy) on biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health, mood and cognitive performance. Participants (overweight/obese, 50-80 years) were randomised to an almond-enriched diet (AED) or isocaloric nut-free diet (NFD) for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, cell adhesions molecules, C reactive protein (CRP), mood, and cognitive performance (working memory primary outcome), dietary profiles and energy intake/expenditure were measured at baseline and Week 12 in 128 participants (n = 63 AED, n = 65 NFD). Compared with NFD, AED was associated with altered macro and micronutrient profiles, but no differences in energy intake or expenditure. The AED significantly reduced triglycerides and SBP but there were no other changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers, mood, or cognitive performance. The inclusion of almonds in the diet improves aspects of cardiometabolic health without affecting cognitive performance or mood in overweight/obese adults.Nutrients 2020, 12, 1180 2 of 18 cognitive performance [7]. Nut consumption represents one aspect of nutrition with wide ranging benefits that may counteract these negative influences, including reducing oxidative damage and inflammation, and improving vascular responsiveness [8][9][10]. Improvements in vascular function associated with nut intake are proposed to not only improve cardiovascular health but also contribute to improving cognitive function [11]. Clinical trials have found improvements in vascular health following consumption of walnuts [12], hazelnuts [13], and almonds [14], but this has not been a consistent finding in all studies, possibly due to differences in methods of assessing vascular health, differences in populations evaluated, dose, or length of the period of consumption [9,10].Furthermore, there is now emerging literature to support nut consumption being associated with enhanced cognitive function or reduced cognitive decline [15,16]. Key nutrients found in nuts (and almonds in particular), including monounsaturated fat [17] and vitamin E [18] have been associated with reduced cognitive decline, and it has been proposed that regular nut consumption may prevent or slow the progressing of age-related brain dysfunction [16,19]. Prospective/longitudinal studies have demonstrated a positive association between nut consumption and cognitive performance [20][21][22] with a greater effect in those with the highest nut consumption [21]. In addition, prospective cohort studies reported improved cognitive performance and a reduced incidence of cognitive decline when the Mediterranean dietary pattern (with nuts as a key component) was adhered to [23,24].There have been mixed results from randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of nut intake on cognition. A 12 week weight loss in...

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“…Cultivated almond varieties display a different chemical profile due to genetic and ecological factors, as well as processing conditions. Regular consumption of nuts has been related to healthy effects, especially against cardiometabolic diseases [2,3]. Epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported positive effects of nuts consumption against a significant number of pathologies such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Almonds (Prunus Dulcis Mill. D. A. Webb): A Source of Nutrients and Health-Promoting Compounds

et al. 2020

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Almonds (Prunus dulcis Miller D. A. Webb (the almond or sweet almond)), from the Rosaceae family, have long been known as a source of essential nutrients; nowadays, they are in demand as a healthy food with increasing popularity for the general population and producers. Studies on the composition and characterization of almond macro-and micronutrients have shown that the nut has many nutritious ingredients such as fatty acids, lipids, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, as well as secondary metabolites. However, several factors affect the nutritional quality of almonds, including genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, investigations evaluating the effects of different factors on the quality of almonds were also included. In epidemiological studies, the consumption of almonds has been associated with several therapeutically and protective health benefits. Clinical studies have verified the modulatory effects on serum glucose, lipid and uric acid levels, the regulatory role on body weight, and protective effects against diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, recent researchers have also confirmed the prebiotic potential of almonds. The present review was carried out to emphasize the importance of almonds as a healthy food and source of beneficial constituents for human health, and to assess the factors affecting the quality of the almond kernel. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciFinder were used to investigate previously published articles on almonds in terms of components and bioactivity potentials with a particular focus on clinical trials.

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Nut consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Cited by 121 publications

References 63 publications

Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses

Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses

Effect of a 12-Week Almond-Enriched Diet on Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Overweight Adults

Almonds (Prunus Dulcis Mill. D. A. Webb): A Source of Nutrients and Health-Promoting Compounds

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