Nutmeg (<scp><i>Myristica fragrans</i></scp> Houtt.) essential oil: A review on its composition, biological, and pharmacological activities

Ashokkumar, Kaliyaperumal; Simal-Gándara, Jesús; Murugan, M.; Dhanya, M. K.; Pandian, Arjun

doi:10.1002/ptr.7491

Cited by 63 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Compared with other studies, it was found that Myristica fragrans Houtt. essential oil yield prepared using hydrodistillation was from 3.2% to 10.3% and when prepared by steam distillation was 0.3–12.5% [ 10 ]. The essential oil isolated from the seeds of Myristica fragrans Houtt.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Botanical substances obtained from plants, such as Trifolium pratense L. flowers, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots, and Myristica fragrans Houtt. essential oil, which are generally perceived as safe because of their natural origin, can be used for the prevention or treatment of menopausal health issues, various degenerative disorders, and possess many pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and other activities [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. These plant substances could act synergistically and increase positive effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several scientific researchers report that Myristica fragrans Houtt. essential oil has potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anticancer, aphrodisiac, and other activities caused by monoterpenes and phenolic compounds [ 10 , 16 , 17 ]. Not only can essential oils be used because of their biological properties but also because of the pleasant smell they can provide for the final product [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Antiviral, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Trifolium pratense L. Extracts and Myristica fragrans Houtt. Essential Oil in Microcapsules

et al. 2023

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Viruses and bacteria can disrupt normal human functions; therefore, ways to use the beneficial properties of plants to promote health are constantly being researched. Plant materials that accumulate biologically active compounds can be used to create a new pharmaceutical form. This study aimed to investigate the biological activity of selected plant extracts and essential oil and to produce microcapsules. The main compounds in extracts and essential oil were determined using chromatographic methods, antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically, antimicrobial activity was assessed by monitoring the growth of nine pathogens, and the antiviral effect on infected bird cells with coronavirus was evaluated. Trifolium pratense L. extract had the highest antioxidant (26.27 ± 0.31 and 638.55 ± 9.14 µg TE/g dw by the DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively) and antiviral activity (56 times decreased titre of virus). Liquorice extract expressed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens and the highest antioxidant activity using the FRAP method (675.71 ± 4.61 mg FS/g dw). Emulsion stability depended on excipients and their amount. Microcapsules with extracts and essential oil were 1.87 mm in diameter, and their diameter after swelling was increased more than two times in intestinal media, while less than 0.5 times in gastric media.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Antiviral, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Trifolium pratense L. Extracts and Myristica fragrans Houtt. Essential Oil in Microcapsules

et al. 2023

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“…Eugenol, a naturally occurring compound, has been reported to be present in several plant families including Holy basil or tulsi leaves ( Lamiaceae ), Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) [ 10 ], Zingiber officinale (ginger) [ 11 ], bark and leaves of Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) [ 12 ], Curcuma longa (turmeric) [ 13 ], as well as various aromatic plants such as Ocimum basilicum (basil) [ 14 ], Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) (nutmeg) [ 15 ], and Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees. (Saigon cinnamon) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eugenol; Effective Anthelmintic Compound against Foodborne Parasite Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae and Adult

ElGhannam

Dar²,

ElMehlawy³

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Trichinosis is a foodborne parasitic infection that results from ingestion of raw or under-cooked pork meat infected by parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis with cosmopolitan distribution. Anthelmintic drugs are used to eliminate intestinal adult parasites and larvae as well as tissue-migrating newborn and in-turn encysted larvae. However, eliminating the infection or averting it from transmission is rarely possible using anthelmintic groups of benzimidazole derivatives. Eugenol (EO) is the main extracted constituent of clove oil (80–90%) and is responsible for its aroma. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of eugenol on both adult and muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis in vitro. IC50 for different concentrations of eugenol were calculated for both muscle larvae (187.5 µM) and adults (190.4 µM) to determine the accurate dose range. Both the nematode stages were cultured in the commonly used RPMI-1640 media in 24-well plates. Different concentrations of eugenol (122, 305, 609, 1218, and 3045 µM) were administered in different groups of larvae/adults. The parasitological parameters were monitored after 1, 3, 6, 10, 24 h for each EO concentration in concomitant with the control groups. Reference chemotherapeutic anthelminthic drug “albendazole” (at dose 377 µM) was experimentally grouped in triplicates as positive control and the untreated as negative control, respectively. Mortality was observed where time-dependent adult stages were less susceptible than muscle larvae. Eugenol achieved 100% efficacy against T. spiralis larvae and killed the total larvae after 10 and 24 h at concentrations of 1218 and 3045 µM, the same as albendazole’s effect on the positive control group. In regard to adults, resembling muscle larvae (ML), a significant effect of both concentrations at p < 0.0001 was obtained, and the concentration × time interaction was significant at p < 0.0001. Furthermore, the treated/untreated adult and muscle larvae were collected and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Massive destruction of parasite burden was observed, especially at high concentrations (1218 and 3045 µM). In addition, complete and mild loss in cuticular striation in both the treated and positive controls were confirmed by SEM, respectively, in comparison to the control untreated group.

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“…Nutmeg is the tough kernel of an evergreen tree's seed. Steam distillation of pulverized nutmeg yields an essential oil widely used in the fragrance and medicinal sectors [1][2][3]. The essential oil is colorless or pale yellow in color, smells and tastes like ground nutmeg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vis-NIRs Calibration Model for the Prediction of Myristicin and Alpha-Pinene on Nutmeg: A Comparison Study of PLSR Algorithm and Machine Learning Algorithm

Munawar¹,

Sufardi²,

Yusmanizar³

et al. 2022

MMEP

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Determination of the myristicin and alpha-pinene content of nutmeg is still constrained by the extended testing time in the laboratory, which is expensive and is carried out destructively. In addition, non-destructive testing using spectroscopy often faces problems in building models that only rely on algorithms that perform linearly, such as PCR and PLSR. Therefore, the present study studied Vis-NIR (381-1065 nm) as a fast, inexpensive, and non-destructive mechanism to determine the myristicin and alpha-pinene of nutmeg fruits from Aceh, Indonesia. Two algorithms commonly used in spectral data processing, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and machine learning represented by a support vector machine (SVM), were employed and compared to predict myristicin and alpha-pinene in nutmeg fruits. The chemical reference parameters (myristicin and alpha-pinene) were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Standard normal variate (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) preprocessing were involved as spectra enhancement before the prediction models outcome. The results show that the kernel of the radial basis function (RBF) kernel n-SVM algorithm is better than PLSR for myristicin prediction with gamma (g), c, and nu (n) of 0.1, 1.0, and 0.99, respectively. Also, the e-SVM algorithm by RBF kernel is better than PLSR for the prediction of alpha-pinene in nutmeg fruits with gamma (g), c, and epsilon (e) compositions of 0.01, 10, 0.1, respectively. The coefficient correlation of calibration (rc) and coefficient determination of prediction (Rp2), the root means square error of calibration (RMSEC) and prediction (RMSEP), and the ratio (RPD) for the prediction of myristicin were 0.992, 0.986, 0.941%, 1.325% and 8.348, respectively. The coefficient correlation of calibration (rc) and coefficient determination of prediction (Rp2), the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and prediction (RMSEP), and the ratio of prediction to deviation ratio (RPD) for the prediction of alpha-pinene were 0.976, 0.979, 0.305%, 0.317% and 6.826, respectively. In general, the results satisfactorily indicate that Vis-NIRS, with the appropriate algorithm, has promising results in determining myristicin and alpha-pinene on nutmeg from Aceh, Indonesia, as nondestructive measurement.

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Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oil: A review on its composition, biological, and pharmacological activities

Cited by 63 publications

References 60 publications

Application of Antiviral, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Trifolium pratense L. Extracts and Myristica fragrans Houtt. Essential Oil in Microcapsules

Application of Antiviral, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Trifolium pratense L. Extracts and Myristica fragrans Houtt. Essential Oil in Microcapsules

Eugenol; Effective Anthelmintic Compound against Foodborne Parasite Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae and Adult

A Vis-NIRs Calibration Model for the Prediction of Myristicin and Alpha-Pinene on Nutmeg: A Comparison Study of PLSR Algorithm and Machine Learning Algorithm

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