Nutrient Accumulation and Prediction of Body Composition of 20-Week-Old Calves Fed Varying Percentages of Protein and Fiber

Jahn, E; Chandler, P.T.; Kelly, Robert F.

doi:10.2527/jas1976.423736x

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Fokkink et al (2011) reported more intestinal digesta and tissue weight with high-versus low-fiber starters in calves <2 mo of age. Jahn et al (1970Jahn et al ( , 1976 and Jahn and Chandler (1975) observed similar changes in ADG with more gut fill as fiber increased in the diet of calves from 8 to 20 wk of age. Hill et al (2016a) reported reduced digestion of starters containing high fiber and low starch combined with less ADG, calculated empty BW gain, and hip width change compared with highstarch, low-fiber starters in calves between 8 and 16 wk of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effect of milk replacer program on calf performance and digestion of nutrients in dairy calves to 4 months of age

Hill¹,

Quigley²,

Bateman³

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Calves fed >0.7 kg of dry matter from milk replacer (MR) typically have greater growth preweaning but lower growth postweaning. This is partially explained by lower digestibility of starter due to less development of the rumen at and after weaning; however, it is unclear when digestibility matures postweaning to levels typical of mature ruminants. Thus, we fed Holstein calves (initially 2 to 3 d of age) 3 MR programs (MOD = 0.66 kg daily for 39 d, and then 0.33 kg daily for 3 d, n = 15 calves; HIMOD = 0.88 kg daily for 5 d, and then 1.1 kg daily for 23 d, then 0.66 kg daily for 18 d, and then 0.33 kg daily for 3 d, n = 16 calves; HI = 0.88 kg daily for 5 d, then 1.1 kg daily for 37 d, then 0.56 kg daily for 7 d, n = 15 calves). The MR consisted of 28% crude protein and 20% fat and was reconstituted to 14% solids and fed at 0630 and 1400 h daily. A 39% starch textured starter (19% crude protein) was fed free-choice for the first 56 d of a nursery trial with calves in individual pens. From 56 to 112 d, calves were grouped by MR program into pens of 3 to 4 calves and offered a starter with the same ingredient composition blended with 5% chopped grass hay for ad libitum consumption. Digestion was estimated at 11 and 16 wk. Measurements in the first and second 56 d were analyzed separately in a completely randomized design using repeated measurements when applicable. Preplanned contrasts of MOD versus HIMOD and MOD versus HI were used to separate means. Milk replacer dry matter intake was 26.6, 42.4, and 48.7 kg in calves fed MOD, HIMOD, and HI, respectively. Starter intake was less for calves fed HIMOD and HI versus MOD from 3 to 8 wk. Efficiency of metabolizable energy and protein used for body weight gain did not differ among programs. During the second 56 d, body weight gain and hip width changes were greater for calves fed MOD than HI. Total 112-d body weight gain and total hip width changes were 101.4, 101.3, and 101.7 kg, and 9.0, 9.1, and 8.7 cm for MOD, HIMOD, and HI, respectively. Digestibility of all nutrients except starch were greater at 16 versus 11 wk of age. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were less for HI versus MOD at 11 wk of age explaining much of the why postweaning body weight gain advantages were lost postweaning in calves fed the HI program. Feeding more than 0.66 kg of dry matter intake from a MR during the preweaning phase did not increase total body weight or hip width gain from 0 to 4 mo of age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effect of milk replacer program on calf performance and digestion of nutrients in dairy calves to 4 months of age

Hill¹,

Quigley²,

Bateman³

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Seventeen percent of the particles in the chopped hay were greater than 8,000 m and the CSH (or no other ingredient) contained no particles over 8,000 m. Possibly, the large particle fraction of the chopped hay was more related to intake limitations than that of NDF or another chemical fiber fraction. Jahn et al (1976) also reported carcass gain of energy and protein, and efficiency of gain in 8-to 20-wk-old calves to be inversely related to the ADF concentration of the diet. As dietary hay or CSH increased, EBWADG Empty BW ADG calculated by adjusting for gut fill as described by Jahn et al (1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Hip widths were measured with a caliper initially and every 2 wk thereafter. Calf EBWADG was estimated by first estimating gut fill (fill as a percentage of BW = 10.4 − 0.39 diet CP% + 0.41 diet ADF%) and correcting BW as described by Jahn et al (1976).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Amount of Chopped Hay or Cottonseed Hulls in a Textured Calf Starter on Young Calf Performance

Hill¹,

Bateman²,

Aldrich³

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

105

109

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Four trials were conducted to compare the concentrations of cottonseed hulls (CSH) and chopped hay in textured starters on calf body weight gain, intake, and efficiency. Holstein bull calves (initially 3 and 4 d old in studies 1, 2, and 3, and 59 to 60 d old in study 4) were fed ad libitum starters (geometric mean particle size of approximately 2,000 22mim; equal at 18% crude protein as-fed; digestible energy concentration declined with increasing roughage). All calves were weaned at 31 to 32 d of age. Calves were housed in individual pens bedded with straw within an unheated, curtain-sided nursery for d 0 to 56 and then grouped in pens of 6 calves for d 56 to 84. Study 1 compared textured starters containing A) 0% or B) 5% CSH for the first 56 d. On d 56 (through d 84), calves fed diet A were switched to diet C, which contained 0% CSH and 5% chopped hay; calves fed diet B were switched to diet D, which contained 5% CSH and 5% hay. Study 2 compared textured starters fed from 0 to 84 d that contained A) 0% CSH and 0% chopped hay, B) 5% CSH, C) 10% CSH, or D) 5% chopped hay. Study 3 compared textured starters fed from 0 to 56 d that contained A) 0%, B) 2.5%, and C) 5% chopped hay. Study 4 compared textured starters fed from d 56 to 84 that contained A) 5% and B) 15% chopped hay. In study 1, calves fed the diet with 5% CSH consumed less starter and were less efficient from 28 to 56 d than calves fed 0% CSH. Calves fed the diet with 0% CSH tended to have a greater average daily gain (ADG) and empty body weight ADG (EBWADG) from 28 to 84 d than calves fed the starter with 5% CSH. In study 2, EBWADG declined linearly from 0 to 28 d, and both ADG and EBWADG decreased from 28 to 56 d as CSH percentage increased in the starter. Both ADG and EBWADG responded quadratically to CSH percentage in the starter from 56 to 84 d, with calves fed the starter containing 10% CSH having the slowest ADG and EBWADG. Calves between 56 and 84 d that were fed starters with 5% roughage appeared more efficient than calves fed starters with 0 or 10% roughage. In study 3, ADG, EBWADG, starter intake, and efficiency declined linearly as hay percentage increased in the starter from 28 to 56 d. In study 4, ADG, EBWADG, and starter intake were less for calves fed starters with 15 vs. 5% hay. In conclusion, adding low-energy fibrous feeds to starters with adequate coarseness (approximately 2,000 microm) reduced ADG in weaned calves less than 3 mo old bedded on straw.

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“…The role of forage on physical development of the rumen established (Khan et al., ), but rumen development was not significantly affected by alfalfa supplementation in current study. There is a common perception that an increase in BW by forage feeding can be attributed to greater gut fill and increased weights of gastrointestinal tissues (Jahn et al., , ; Hill et al., ; Khan et al., ). Similarly, the current study showed that carcass weight expressed relative to BW decreased with increasing level of alfalfa supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of supplementation level and particle size of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves

Mirzaei

Khorvash

Ghorbani

et al. 2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of particle size (PS) of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves at two levels of alfalfa supplementation. Fifty newborn dairy calves (42.7 AE 2.2 kg BW) were used in a 2 9 2 factorial arrangement with the factors supplementation level (low, 8%; or high, 16% on DM basis) and PS (medium, 2.92 mm; or long, 5.04 mm as geometrical means) of alfalfa hay. In addition, a control group without alfalfa hay was used. Hence, treatments were: control (C); low level with medium PS (LM); low level with long PS (LL); high level with medium PS (HM) or high level with long PS (HL). Growth performance of alfalfa-fed calves did not differ from control calves, but alfalfa supplementation decreased corneum thickness of the rumen wall. In alfalfa-fed calves, post-weaning starter intake was greater for LL calves than for LM calves. During the entire rearing period, starter intake was 26-32% higher for LL and HM calves than for LM calves. Pre-weaning average daily gain was higher for LL and HM calves than for HL calves, but this effect was not persistent over the entire rearing period. Final body weight decreased from 86 to 79 kg when the level of long PS alfalfa hay increased from 8 to 16%, but increased from 78 to 87 kg when the level of medium PS alfalfa increased from 8 to 16%. Regardless of PS and level, morphometric characteristics of rumen wall were generally similar among alfalfa feeding groups, but corneum thickness decreased from 8.7 to 6.1 lm with greater PS at the low level. These results indicate that adequate, but not excessive, physical stimulation is required for appropriate rumen development and growth performance of dairy calves.

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Nutrient Accumulation and Prediction of Body Composition of 20-Week-Old Calves Fed Varying Percentages of Protein and Fiber

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of milk replacer program on calf performance and digestion of nutrients in dairy calves to 4 months of age

Effect of milk replacer program on calf performance and digestion of nutrients in dairy calves to 4 months of age

Effects of the Amount of Chopped Hay or Cottonseed Hulls in a Textured Calf Starter on Young Calf Performance

Effects of supplementation level and particle size of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves

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