Nutrient Accumulation by Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea Growing in Two Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea are two most commonly used plants in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic. This chapter deals with development of biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in that biomass and nutrient standing stocks in Phragmites and Phalaris growing in two constructed wetlands. Phragmites aboveground biomass varies between 781 and 2532 g m −2 in Břehov and between 1309 and 2177 g m −2 in Mořina. Phalaris aboveground biomass varies between 1262 and 2265 g m −2 in Břehov and between 1194 and 1780 g m −2 in Mořina. These values are within the common range found in both natural and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. For both Phragmites and Phalaris the aboveground biomass was higher than belowground. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in Phragmites aboveground biomass were comparable with concentrations found in both natural stands and constructed wetlands. On the other hand, N and P concentrations in Phalaris were lower than those found in constructed wetlands. Nitrogen standing stocks in Phragmites and Phalaris were comparable with those found in natural stands and constructed wetlands and for both species substantially more nitrogen was sequestered aboveground. When comparing Phragmites and Phalaris N standing stocks, Phragmites stocks were higher but only belowground standing stock was significantly higher. The Phragmites phosphorus standing stocks in our study are also comparable with standing stocks found in natural stands but they are also at the lower end of the range.

Nutrient removal potential and biomass production by Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia on European rewetted peat and mineral soils

“…high N availability) summer harvest of both plants exceeded 15 t dm ha −1 y −1 up to 20-30 t dm ha −1 y −1 in our field study, which is even similar to maize yields (Giannini et al, 2017). These very high biomass production rates were also found in other studies (Heinz, 2012; Köbbing et al, 2013;Grosshans, 2014;Gelbrecht et al, 2008, Vymazal andKröpfelová, 2010). The hydrology on these locations was optimal for the growth of T. latifolia and P. australis, often leading to monospecific stands with a high biomass quality.…”

“…Most studies of the nutrient uptake potential of P. australis and T. latifolia have addressed constructed wetlands rather than rewetted peat soils (Vymazal and Kröpfelová, 2010). A comparison between constructed wetlands and natural wetlands showed almost doubled N and P nutrient use efficiency rates in natural wetlands (Meuleman et al, 2002).…”

Removal of alkali metals and their sequestration in plants in constructed wetlands treating municipal sewage

“…Mineralized samples were analysed for Ca, Na, K, and Mg using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer PQ-ExCell. The biomass values have been reported elsewhere (Vymazal & Kröpfelová, 2010).…”

Estudio de los Humedales Artificiales de Flujo Superficial del Tancat de la Pipa como instrumentos para la restauración ambiental del lago de l'Albufera de Valencia

“…Estos valores son superiores al máximo (9.9 Kg ms m -2 ) recogido en una revisión sobre HA realizada por Vymazal & Kröpfelová (2005). Los valores más comunes de máximos de biomasa aérea encontrados en poblaciones naturales están entre 1 y 3 Kg ms m -2 , dependiendo del estado trófico del sistema (Vymazal & Kröpfelová, 2010). Es posible que el fuerte crecimiento del carrizo experimentado durante la tercera estación de crecimiento, respondiera a un sistema radicular más desarrollado, permitiéndole un mayor crecimiento (Bixquert, 2013).…”

“…Un ensayo de cosechado múltiple llevado a cabo con el lirio amarillo en los HAFSTP, mostró una mejoría en la eliminación de nutrientes Los valores obtenidos en este estudio se encuentran dentro del rango del valores descrito en la bibliografía para humedales que tratan aguas con baja concentración de nutrientes (Tabla 6-9). En poblaciones naturales, el contenido de N en la biomasa aérea de carrizo oscila entre 10.5 y 27.0 g N kg -1 ms y de P entre 0.9 y 2.8 g P kg -1 ms (Vymazal & Kröpfelová, 2010), valores similares a los medidos en los HAFSTP. En HA depurando aguas residuales, Tanner (1996) midió una concentración de N en los tejidos de la biomasa aérea de Phragmites australis mayor ( 30 mg N g -1 ms) que la medida en los HAFSTP, mientras que la concentración de P fue similar ( 2 mg P g -1 ms).…”