Nutrient Adequacy in Endurance Athletes

Moss, Kamiah; Kreutzer, Andreas; Graybeal, Austin J; Zhang, Yan; Braun-Trocchio, Robyn; Porter, Ryan R.; Shah, Meena

doi:10.3390/ijerph20085469

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The consumption of antioxidants was found to be inadequate in this study, particularly vitamin A, and vitamin E. This finding was in line with the previous studies among trained endurance athletes in the Western populations (40,43). This may link to the lack of antioxidant-rich foods such as fruits and vegetables as evidenced in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…With regards to the association between participants' backgrounds and macronutrients intake status, the participants from the sports club indicated the highest proportion of inadequate CHO intake. It was evident that low CHO intake in relation to training sessions was often in the diets of free-living athletes (9,43,47). The nature of free-living in which the participants were responsible for their meals may lead to the inadequacy of the CHO intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does an Asian-based Diet Sufficient to Meet the Nutritional Demands of Endurance Athletes?: A Cross-sectional Study

Bahari,

Safii,

Che Muhamed

2023

MJMHS

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Introduction: Limited studies have examined the dietary intake pattern of Malaysian endurance athletes. Differences in the types of foods consumed between Malaysian and Western population leads to varying nutritional intake values. This study aimed to characterise the dietary intake of Malaysian endurance athletes as compared to sports nutrition recommendations, and to determine the associations between participants’ backgrounds and macronutrients intake status. Methods: A total of 85 endurance-trained Malaysian athletes participated in a cross-sectional study. Dietary intake for three days throughout the training season was evaluated using 24-hour dietary recall. The macronutrients and micronutrients intakes were compared to the nutritional recommendation for athletes and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI), respectively. The food serving size was compared to the Malaysian Food Pyramid 2020. Results: Of all participants, 51% met the minimum recommendations for carbohydrate (CHO) intake (6g/kg/day). For protein intake, 88% of participants had surpassed the lower limit of 1.2g/kg/day. The lower limit of fat intake (20% of total daily energy intake) was met by 99% of the participants. Most of the participants had a suboptimal intake of calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin E, while all had inadequate vitamin D intake. The athletes’ institution was significantly associated with the CHO intake status. Also, the athletes’ institution and the highest education level were significantly associated with the protein intake status. Conclusion: Athletes who practised Asian-based diets were able to achieve the energy, protein, and fat intake recommendations. However, there was a suboptimal intake of the CHO and micronutrients as compared to the recommendations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does an Asian-based Diet Sufficient to Meet the Nutritional Demands of Endurance Athletes?: A Cross-sectional Study

Bahari,

Safii,

Che Muhamed

2023

MJMHS

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“…The average of the 5-day analysis (2 days 24 h recall + 3 days food record) was used for statistical analysis. Energy (EI; Kcal/day) and protein (PI; g/day) were reported, and other macronutrient components of the athlete’s diet [ 23 ] were used for analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization during Energy and Protein Availability in Male and Female Athletes

Abulmeaty,

Almajwal,

Elsayed

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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Active athletes frequently develop low energy (LEA) and protein availabilities (LPA) with consequent changes in the vital metabolic processes, especially resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate utilization. This study investigated the association of energy and protein intakes with RMR and substrate utilization in male and female athletes and those with LEA and LPA. Sixty athletes (35% female, 26.83 ± 7.12 y) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis were reported to estimate fat-free mass (eFFM). Dietary intakes were recorded by two-day multiple-pass 24 h recall records and three-day food records and then analyzed by food processor software to calculate protein intake (PI) and energy intake (EI). Indirect calorimetry was used to measure RMR and percentages of substrate utilization. Activity–energy expenditure (AEE) was assessed by using an Actighrphy sensor for three days. Energy availability was calculated using the following formula (EA = EI − AEE/eFFM). The correlation of EI and PI with RMR and substrate utilization was tested with Pearson correlation. In the LEA group, both EI and PI correlated positively with RMR (r = 0.308, 0.355, respectively, p < 0.05). In addition, EI showed a positive correlation with the percentage of fat utilization. In the male and sufficient-PA groups, PI correlated positively with the RMR and negatively with the percentage of protein utilization. In conclusion, the percentage of LEA is markedly prevalent in our sample, with a higher prevalence among males. Athletes with LEA had lower fat utilization and lower RMR, while those with sufficient PA showed lower protein utilization with excessive PI. These findings may explain the metabolic responses in the cases of LEA and LPA.

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“…According to the recent literature, specific population groups do not consume the recommended amount of biotin, e.g., endurance athletes [ 13 ] or groups of adolescents who consumed substantially less than the recommended amounts of fruits, vegetables, milk/dairy products, fish, and cereals/cereal products [ 14 ]. The addition of nutritional yeast or other supplementary sources of biotin might help people on a vegan diet meet their daily needs [ 9 ].…”

Section: Biotin Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotin Homeostasis and Human Disorders: Recent Findings and Perspectives

Karachaliou,

Livaniou

2024

IJMS

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Biotin (vitamin B7, or vitamin H) is a water-soluble B-vitamin that functions as a cofactor for carboxylases, i.e., enzymes involved in the cellular metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids and in gluconeogenesis; moreover, as reported, biotin may be involved in gene regulation. Biotin is not synthesized by human cells, but it is found in food and is also produced by intestinal bacteria. Biotin status/homeostasis in human individuals depends on several factors, including efficiency/deficiency of the enzymes involved in biotin recycling within the human organism (biotinidase, holocarboxylase synthetase), and/or effectiveness of intestinal uptake, which is mainly accomplished through the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter. In the last years, administration of biotin at high/“pharmacological” doses has been proposed to treat specific defects/deficiencies and human disorders, exhibiting mainly neurological and/or dermatological symptoms and including biotinidase deficiency, holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency, and biotin–thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease. On the other hand, according to warnings of the Food and Drug Administration, USA, high biotin levels can affect clinical biotin-(strept)avidin assays and thus lead to false results during quantification of critical biomarkers. In this review article, recent findings/advancements that may offer new insight in the abovementioned research fields concerning biotin will be presented and briefly discussed.

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Nutrient Adequacy in Endurance Athletes

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

Does an Asian-based Diet Sufficient to Meet the Nutritional Demands of Endurance Athletes?: A Cross-sectional Study

Does an Asian-based Diet Sufficient to Meet the Nutritional Demands of Endurance Athletes?: A Cross-sectional Study

Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization during Energy and Protein Availability in Male and Female Athletes

Biotin Homeostasis and Human Disorders: Recent Findings and Perspectives

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