Nutrient concentration and yield of maize (Zea maysL.) after vetch (Vicia sativaL.) in conventional and reduced tillage systems

Abstract

The effects of tillage on plant availability nutrients are critical to develop nutrient management strategies to optimize yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in the concentration of 19-nutrient and yield after 4-year of conventional (mouldboard plough (MT)) and two reduced (rototiller (ST) and chisel (CT)) tillage systems in maize (Zea mays L.) after winter vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in double crop one year. Three tillage systems were compared from 2005 to 2008 in area located in the western region of Turkey under semi-arid Mediterranean clay-loam soils. Nutrients were determined in maize leaves, stems, roots and soils. Results show that the concentration of macronutrients were found to be higher in leaves and stems of maize than roots in three tillage systems of all years, while the opposite was true for micronutrients. Among the macro and micro nutrients, there was no effect of tillage on nutrient concentration in all maize tissues for sulfur, magnesium, sodium and copper (S, Mg, Na and Cu). Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Se) were affected by tillage. ST increased N in stems of 2006 compared with other systems. K in roots of 2006 was 52 and 30% greater in CT than in ST and MT, respectively, while ST and MT of 2007 resulted in 38 and 41% greater than CT. In two of four years, ST contributed to higher grain yield compared with other systems. In general, ST can effectively contribute to increase maize yield following winter vetch compared with MT under this region. Results suggested the need for different management systems associated with reduced tillage including rotation, particularly for basic nutrients. Further, results showed similarities and differences with other studies under tillage with maize following winter vetch.

Determining the effect of exogenous organic materials on spatial distribution of maize yield

“…50% N from EOMs. The less sensitive grain yield response to organic N in Braszowice vs. Pusté Jakartice can be elucidated by the visually observed less friable structure in the former that diminishes the ability of roots to grow and uptake water and nutrients 33 . The more efficient yield-producing effect of organic N in Braszowice than Pusté Jakartice was also observed with the yield of silage maize.…”

“…Recent studies (e.g. 33,34 ) have shown that nitrogen uptake and utilisation efficiency in maize can be influenced by tillage systems.…”

Effect of Tillage, Sowing Time and Irrigation Levels on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

“…Due to irrigation application, the stone yield recorded higher values with I 6 (six irrigations) (2920 kg ha -1 ) which was statistically at par with I 4 (four irrigations) (2635.2 kg ha -1 ) and significantly higher over I 2 (two irrigations) (1580.8 kg ha -1 ). The higher yield of maize in ZT plots could be attributed to the multiple effects of nutrients added (Blanco-Canqui et al, 2009 andKaschuk et al, 2010), comparatively lower weed pressure due to maintenance of surface residue (Ozpinar, 2015 andChauhan et al, 2007), better water regimes promoting root growth and development (Govaerts et al, 2009) compared to CT. et al, (2016), Gathala et al, (2013), Parihar et al, (2016). The higher yield of maize under zero tillage system could be attributed to the compound effect of early establishment of the crop due to favorable moisture conditions in soil, additional nutrients (Blanco-Canqui et al, 2009 andKaschuk et al, 2010), reduced competition for resources and improved biophysicochemical soil health as observed by previous researchers (Jat et al, 2013 andGovaerts et al, 2009) over conventional tillage system.…”

Agronomic and Genetic Strategies to Enhance Selenium Accumulation in Crops and Their Influence on Quality

“…It brought Se from deeper soil layers to the surface, thereby increasing the crop-available Se content. Similarly, Ozpinar et al reported varying degrees of Se concentration increases in all tissues of corn under three tillage systems (plow, rotary, and chisel) [52]. However, conflicting conclusions arise from Lopez-Bellido et al's work, suggesting that no-till systems do not induce stronger soil-reducing conditions than traditional tillage systems [99].…”

“…In this section, we initially summarize the crucial role of Se fertilizer strategies, including how to adjust the type [36][37][38] and dosage of Se fertilizers [39,40], and the application site [32,41] and timing of Se [42,43]. Subsequently, we consolidate and discuss the impacts of agronomic management strategies on Se biofortification, encompassing crop rotation [44][45][46] and intercropping [47][48][49] and soil [50][51][52] and water management [53][54][55], as well as microbial inoculation [56][57][58]. As the most accessible methods for farmers, agronomic strategies play an irreplaceable role in Se biofortification practices.…”