Nutrient Digestibility and Metabolism in Lambs Fed Added Perloline

Boling, J. A.; Bush, Lowell P.; Buckner, R. C.; Pendlum, L. C.; Burrus, P. B.; Yates, Scott R.; Rogovin, S. P.; Tookey, H. L.

doi:10.2527/jas1975.405972x

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The reason for the poor performance is unknown. Plant alkaloids, particularly the perlolines, have been extensively investigated as causative agents in fescue toxicity (Bush et al, 1972;Boling et al, 1975;Bond et al, 1977;Hemken et al, 1979) but apparently are not directly related to the syndrome (Hemken et al, 1979;Steen et al, 1979). Bacon et al (1977) isolated the fungus Epichloe typhina (Pers.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of an Endophytic Fungus with Fescue Toxicity in Steers Fed Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue Seed or Hay

Schmidt

Hoveland

Clark

et al. 1982

Journal of Animal Science

143

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Previous research has implicated an endophytic fungus as being associated with fescue toxicity (summer syndrome) in cattle grazing Kentucky 31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pastures. Hay and seed were harvested from Kentucky 31 pastures known to be either fungus-free or heavily infested with an endophytic fungus identified as Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams. Four diets containing either 60% fungus-free seed, 60% fungus-infested seed, 85% fungus-free hay or 85% fungus-infested hay were group-fed to three steers each (avg wt 239 kg) in a 53-d feeding trial. Presence of the fungus reduced (P less than .05) daily gains (kg/d) in steers fed either the seed diets (.96 vs .20) or the hay diets (.66 vs .28). Feed intake was depressed 36% for the seed diets and 8% for the hay diets when the fungus was present. Rectal temperatures were elevated .6 C (P less than .05) for both groups receiving diets containing the fungus, but respiration rate was elevated only in the fungus-infested seed group. In vitro dry matter disappearance was not decreased by presence of the fungus. Steers receiving fungus from either seed or hay were nervous and highly excitable, which resulted in large variations in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The results of this experiment further implicate an endophytic fungus as being associated with fescue toxicity.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of an Endophytic Fungus with Fescue Toxicity in Steers Fed Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue Seed or Hay

Schmidt

Hoveland

Clark

et al. 1982

Journal of Animal Science

143

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show abstract

“…Previous in vitro experiments reported no change in acetic acid percentage and a decrease in propionic acid with increased perloline levels (Bush et al, 1972). However, in vivo experiments with lambs showed that propionic acid increased with addition of perloline to the diet and that acetic acid decreased or did not change with perloline added to the diet (Boling et al, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was inhibited, and the composition of the VFA was altered by perloline (Bush et al, 1972;Boling et al, 1975). Bush et al (Bush et al, 1970;Bush and Buckner, 1973) suggested that perloline may be involved in the observed poor performance of cattle grazing tall fescue in summer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Activity of tall fescue alkaloids and analogues in in vitro rumen fermentation

Bush¹,

Burton²,

Boling³

1976

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The alkaloid perloline inhibited rumen fermentation in vitro at 0.04 to 1.0 mM as measured by cellulose digestion. The perlolidine moiety of perloline also inhibited cellulose digestion, but the inhibitory effect of perlolidine was equal to that of perloline only at the higher concentrations. Perloline methyl ether was less inhibitory than perlolidine. The veratrole moiety of perloline and perlolyrine did not inhibit cellulose digestion below 10 mM. Phenanthridine inhibited cellulose digestion at 0.1 to 1.0 mM; however, phenanthridone, 4-(2'-amino)phenyl-2-pyridone, and 4-(2'-formylamino)phenyl-2-pyridone did not inhibit in vitro rumen fermentation. Associated with inhibition of cellulose digestion was a decreased production of volatile fatty acids and bacterial protein production. Biological activity of these substances was greatly influenced by the substitution at the C-5 position of perloline.

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“…Perloline, a diazaphenanthrene alkaloid, was first isolated from perennial ryegrass (Grimmet & Melville, 1943) and shortly afterward from tall fescue (Grimmet & Waters, 1943). It has been shown to inhibit the in vitro activity of rumen bacteria (Bush et al, 1970), as well as protein and cellulose digestion in lambs (Boling et al, 1975). The methyl ester was found to be less effective than perloline in cellulose digestion (Bush et al, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of temperature on alkaloid levels and fall armyworm performance in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass

Salminen¹,

Richmond²,

Grewal

et al. 2005

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The symbiotic relationships between Neotyphodium endophytes (Clavicipitacea) and certain coolseason (C3) grasses result in the synthesis of several alkaloids that defend the plant against herbivory. Over a 3 month period we evaluated the effects of temperature on the expression of these alkaloids in tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, and perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. (Poaceae). Response surface regression analysis indicated that month, temperature, and their interaction had an impact on the alkaloid levels in both grasses. We aimed to identify the alkaloids most closely associated with enhanced resistance to the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and clarify the role of temperature in governing the expression of these alkaloids. The dry weights and survival of fall armyworms feeding on endophyte-infected tall fescue or perennial ryegrass were significantly lower than for those feeding on uninfected grass, whereas endophyte infection had no significant influence on survival. For tall fescue, a four-alkaloid model consisting of a plant alkaloid, perloline, and the fungal alkaloids ergonovine chanoclavine, and ergocryptine, explained 47% of the variation in fall armyworm dry weight, whereas a three-alkaloid model consisting of the plant alkaloid perloline methyl ether and the fungal alkaloids ergonovine and ergocryptine explained 70% of the variation in fall armyworm dry weight on perennial ryegrass. Although temperature had a significant influence on overall alkaloid expression in both grasses, the influence of temperature on individual alkaloids varied over time. The levels of those alkaloids most closely linked to armyworm performance increased linearly or curvilinearly with increasing temperature during the last 2 months of the study. We conclude that the growth temperature of grasses can influence the performance of fall armyworm, and that this effect may be mediated through a set of plant-and endophyte-related alkaloids.

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Nutrient Digestibility and Metabolism in Lambs Fed Added Perloline

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Association of an Endophytic Fungus with Fescue Toxicity in Steers Fed Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue Seed or Hay

Association of an Endophytic Fungus with Fescue Toxicity in Steers Fed Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue Seed or Hay

Activity of tall fescue alkaloids and analogues in in vitro rumen fermentation

Influence of temperature on alkaloid levels and fall armyworm performance in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass

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