Nutrient enrichment increases invertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage in grasslands

Ebeling, Anne; Strauss, Alexander T.; Adler, Peter B.; Arnillas, Carlos Alberto; Barrio, Isabel C.; Biederman, Lori A.; Borer, Elizabeth T.; Bugalho, Miguel N.; Caldeira, Maria C.; Cadotte, Marc W.; Daleo, Pedro; Eisenhauer, Nico; Eskelinen, Anu; Fay, Philip A.; Firn, Jennifer; Graff, Pamela; Hagenah, Nicole; Haider, Sylvia; Komatsu, Kimberly J.; McCulley, Rebecca L.; Mitchell, Charles E.; Moore, Joslin L.; Pascual, Jesús; Peri, Pablo Luís; Power, Sally A.; Prober, Suzanne M.; Risch, Anita C.; Roscher, Christiane; Sankaran, Mahesh; Seabloom, Eric W.; Schielzeth, Holger; Schütz, Martin; Speziale, Karina L.; Tedder, Michelle; Virtanen, Risto; Blumenthal, Dana M.

doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13801

Cited by 47 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…These 24 plots were randomly assigned to 0, 5, 10, or 15 g/m 2 nitrogen treatments, supplied as ammonium nitrate (applied every mid‐June from 2011 to 2021), with six replicates for each treatment (see Liu et al, 2017 for a full description). Our previous studies have confirmed that nitrogen addition significantly decreased plant species richness (Liu et al, 2016), shifted mean plant functional traits, and increased community‐level foliar fungal disease prevalence by both direct (supporting the “nitrogen‐disease hypothesis”; Dordas, 2008; Ebeling et al, 2022; Veresoglou et al, 2013) and indirect effects (i.e., shifts in plant community composition toward species with competitive growth but high disease susceptibility) (Liu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

Spatial scale‐dependent dilution effects of biodiversity on plant diseases in grasslands

Liu

Xiao

Lin

et al. 2023

Ecology

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The rapid biodiversity losses of the Anthropocene have motivated ecologists to understand how biodiversity affects infectious diseases. Spatial scale is thought to moderate negative biodiversity-disease relationships (i.e., dilution effects) in zoonotic diseases, whereas evidence from plant communities for an effect of scale remains limited, especially at local scales where the mechanisms (e.g., encounter reduction) underlying dilution effects actually work.Here, we tested how spatial scale affects the direction and magnitude of biodiversity-disease relationships. We utilized a 10-year-old nitrogen addition experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, with 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/m 2 nitrogen addition treatments. Within the treatment plots, we arranged a total of 216 quadrats (of either 0.125 Â 0.125 m, 0.25 Â 0.25 m or 0.5 Â 0.5 m size) to

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

Spatial scale‐dependent dilution effects of biodiversity on plant diseases in grasslands

Liu

Xiao

Lin

et al. 2023

Ecology

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“…Across grassland soils, N addition can alter tissue stoichiometry, resulting in more nutrient‐rich tissues that are more attractive to herbivores (Anderson et al, 2018; Firn et al, 2019; Hillebrand et al, 2009; Mattson, 1980). Specifically, insect, pathogen, and fungal damage on leaves can increase at high levels of N addition in grasslands (Ebeling et al, 2021; Lind et al, 2017; Throop & Lerdau, 2004); high rates of pathogen damage with N addition have previously been found in the highest N addition plots of this experiment (Ebeling et al, 2021). Additionally, Seabloom et al (2017) found that, across a spectrum of plant diversity, pathogens and fungi removed a constant proportion of plant biomass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Realistic rates of nitrogen addition increase carbon flux rates but do not change soil carbon stocks in a temperate grassland

Wilcots

Schroeder

DeLancey

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Soils store 2.5 and plants store 1.5 times as much C compared to the atmosphere, respectively (Schlesinger & Bernhardt, 2013). Thus, even small changes to the size of these C sinks, or to rates of photosynthesis or respiration, could have large consequences for atmospheric CO 2 levels. Importantly, other global change drivers, such as nitrogen (N) deposition (Stevens, 2019;Vitousek et al., 1997), may be

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“…The work presented here points to many interesting avenues for further development and investigation. For example, we expect that herbivory reduced biomass in NPK plots, as nutrient addition attracts grazing (Borer et al, 2020; Borer, Seabloom, et al, 2014; Ebeling et al, 2021; Hodapp et al, 2018), possibly explaining some site‐level variation. How these relationships change with grazing exclusion is currently an open question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment

et al. 2022

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Global change drivers, such as anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are increasing globally. Nutrient deposition simultaneously alters plant biodiversity, species composition and ecosystem processes like aboveground biomass production. These changes are underpinned by species extinction, colonisation and shifting relative abundance. Here, we use the Price equation to quantify and link the contributions of species that are lost, gained or that persist to change in aboveground biomass in 59 experimental grassland sites. Under ambient (control) conditions, compositional and biomass turnover was high, and losses (i.e. local extinctions) were balanced by gains (i.e. colonisation). Under fertilisation, the decline in species richness resulted from increased species loss and decreases in species gained. Biomass increase under fertilisation resulted mostly from species that persist and to a lesser extent from species gained. Drivers of ecological change can interact relatively independently with diversity, composition and ecosystem processes and functions such as aboveground biomass due to the individual contributions of species lost, gained or persisting.

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Nutrient enrichment increases invertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage in grasslands

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n-NonCo mmerc ial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 47 publications

References 80 publications

Spatial scale‐dependent dilution effects of biodiversity on plant diseases in grasslands

Spatial scale‐dependent dilution effects of biodiversity on plant diseases in grasslands

Realistic rates of nitrogen addition increase carbon flux rates but do not change soil carbon stocks in a temperate grassland

Linking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment

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