Nutrient Ingestion, Protein Intake, and Sex, but Not Age, Affect the Albumin Synthesis Rate in Humans3

Thalacker‐Mercer, Anna; Johnson, Craig A.; Yarasheski, Kevin E.; Carnell, Nadine S; Campbell, Wayne W.

doi:10.1093/jn/137.7.1734

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…This was in line with previous results obtained in rats and dogs (14,42) and was also consistent with data in humans showing the lack of effect of diets supplying 9% or 24% of energy as protein, but containing identical levels of energy and fat, on albumin, fibrinogen, or fibronectin synthesis rates (6). These results also agree with the weak association demonstrated between albumin FSR and the level of dietary protein, when these ranged from the recommended daily allowance to an excess value of 25% (39). Thus, it can be inferred that the decelerating effect of HP diets on the liver constitutive protein synthesis rate is not compensated for by a parallel modulation of albumin synthesis and presumably of other exported hepatic proteins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary protein regulates hepatic constitutive protein anabolism in rats in a dose-dependent manner and independently of energy nutrient composition

Chevalier

Bos

Azzout‐Marniche

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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We had previously observed that drastic increases in protein consumption greatly modified hepatic protein anabolism in rats, but the confounding effects of other macronutrient changes or a moderate protein increase to generate the same modifications have not yet been established. This study examined the metabolic and hormonal responses of rats subjected to 14-day isoenergetic diets containing normal, intermediate, or high-protein levels (NP: 14% of energy, IP: 33%, HP: 50%) and different carbohydrate (CHO) to fat ratios within each protein level. Fasted or fed rats (n = 104) were killed after the injection of a flooding dose of (13)C-valine. The hepatic protein content increased in line with the dietary protein level (P < 0.05). The hepatic fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of protein were significantly influenced by both the protein level and the nutritional state (fasted vs. fed) (P < 0.0001) but not by the CHO level, reaching on average 110%/day, 92%/day, and 83%/day in rats fed the NP, IP, and HP diets, respectively. The FSR of plasma albumin and muscle did not differ between diets, while feeding tended to increase muscle FSR. Proteolysis, especially the proteasome-dependent system, was down-regulated in the fed state in the liver when protein content increased. Insulin decreased with the CHO level in the diet. Our results reveal that excess dietary protein lowers hepatic constitutive, but not exported, protein synthesis rates, independently of the other macronutrients, and related changes in insulin levels. This response was observed at the moderate levels of protein intake (33%) that are plausible in a context of human consumption.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary protein regulates hepatic constitutive protein anabolism in rats in a dose-dependent manner and independently of energy nutrient composition

Chevalier

Bos

Azzout‐Marniche

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Indeed, albumin concentrations decrease with age (31), and females have slower rates of APS (56). In this context, we have demonstrated that LEAA led to significant stimulation of APS equivalent to a large dose of WP, which is sustained for Յ4 h postfeeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Immunoblotting was performed as described previously (3) using the sarcoplasmic fraction collected during MPS preparation described above. Sarcoplasmic protein concentrations were determined using a NanoDrop ND1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies 56 (New England Biolabs, Hertfordshire, UK). Membranes were subsequently washed for 3 ϫ 5 min in TBST, incubated in horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody (1:2,000 in 2.5% BSA in TBST; New England Biolabs, Hertfordshire, UK) at ambient temperature for 1 h, followed by 3 ϫ 5 min washes in TBST.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, albumin is an abundant protein used as a marker of general nutritional status, and low levels are associated with low protein intake (36), functional decline (49), reduced muscle mass (4), reduced strength (48), and numerous age-related diseases. Moreover, albumin synthesis is also affected by sex difference (females have lower synthesis rates than males) (56). Therefore, the albumin-synthetic response to anabolic stimuli, such as nutrition, provides another window of insight into sex differences in protein metabolism and is linked to skeletal muscle outcomes in ageing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise

Bukhari

Phillips

Wilkinson

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

128

133

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PJ. Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 308: E1056-E1065, 2015. First published March 31, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2014.-Dysregulated anabolic responses to nutrition/exercise may contribute to sarcopenia; however, these characteristics are poorly defined in female populations. We determined the effects of two feeding regimes in older women (66 Ϯ 2.5 yr; n ϭ 8/group): bolus whey protein (WP-20 g) or novel low-dose leucine-enriched essential amino acids (EAA) [LEAA; 3 g (40% leucine)]. Using [ 13 C6]phenylalanine infusions, we quantified muscle (MPS) and albumin (APS) protein synthesis at baseline and in response to both feeding (FED) and feeding plus exercise (FED-EX; 6 ϫ 8 knee extensions at 75% 1-repetition maximum). We also quantified plasma insulin/AA concentrations, whole leg (LBF)/muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF), and muscle anabolic signaling by phosphoimmunoblotting. Plasma insulinemia and EAA/aemia were markedly greater after WP than LEAA (P Ͻ 0.001). Neither LEAA nor WP modified LBF in response to FED or FED-EX, whereas MBF increased to a similar extent in both groups only after FED-EX (P Ͻ 0.05). In response to FED, both WP and LEAA equally stimulated MPS 0 -2 h (P Ͻ 0.05), abating thereafter (0 -4 h, P Ͼ 0.05). In contrast, after FED-EX, MPS increased at 0 -2 h and remained elevated at 0 -4 h (P Ͻ 0.05) with both WP and LEAA. No anabolic signals quantifiably increased after FED, but p70 S6K1 Thr 389 increased after FED-EX (2 h, P Ͻ 0.05). APS increased similarly after WP and LEAA. Older women remain subtly responsive to nutrition Ϯ exercise. Intriguingly though, bolus WP offers no trophic advantage over LEAA. skeletal muscle; blood flow; protein synthesis; aging; amino acids; exercise ILL HEALTH ASSOCIATED WITH AGING represents a major socioeconomic burden, especially given shifting demographics toward a more aged, populous world. In particular, the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with aging, or sarcopenia, is a major clinical issue. For instance, not only are there established links between low muscle mass and all-cause mortality per se (1), but also, lower skeletal muscle mass associated with sarcopenia leads to increased frailty, risk of falls, sedentarism, poor quality of life, and prevalence of metabolic comorbidities (17, 53).The two major extrinsic influences over muscle mass are nutrition and physical activity. For example, oral intake of protein-based foods containing essential amino acids (EAA) leads to a transient (2-3 h; see Ref.2) stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in younger men. This brief increase in MPS above postabsorptive rates serves the purpose of replenishing protein stores lost during fasting, ensuring preservation of muscle protein mass. Similarly, physical activity is a prerequisite for maintenance of a healthy muscle mass. For example, inactivity (6, 20) causes muscle atrophy by inducing "anabo...

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“…* One patient receiving rivaroxaban had a drug side effect of rash and itching, and therefore rivaroxaban was stopped and the patient was switched to warfarin 2003) and studies (Jackson et al, 2001;Caso et al, 2007;Thalacker-Mercer et al, 2007) have shown that dietary protein intake can affect serum albumin levels due to its influence on the albumin fractional synthesis rate (FSR). Thalacker-Mercer et al (2007) showed that an 18-d controlled feeding period with protein intake of 63%, 94%, and 125% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) resulted in significantly different levels of serum albumin. In clinical practice, patients are asked to have different dietary adjustments based on different anticoagulants after RFCA procedures.…”

Section: Metabolic Benefit With Rivaroxabanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic benefits of rivaroxaban in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients after radiofrequency catheter ablation

Zhu

Gao

Liu

et al. 2017

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Background and objective: Rivaroxaban is a new oral anticoagulant for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), which has less drug-food interaction than warfarin. We conducted this prospective randomized study to evaluate the metabolic benefits as well as the safety and efficacy with rivaroxaban versus warfarin in patients with NVAF following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Methods: From April to July 2014, 60 patients with NVAF undergoing RFCA were prospectively enrolled in our study. Following RFCA, all patients were randomly assigned to receive rivaroxaban (Group R, n=30) or warfarin (Group W, n=30). Metabolic indices including serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as well as bleeding, stroke, and systemic thromboembolism events were evaluated and compared during follow-up after 15, 30, 60, and 90 d of RFCA procedure. Results: Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and HDL levels were all significantly elevated at each follow-up stage in Group R when compared to the baseline (P<0.05 respectively). In Group W, the metabolic indices decreased at first and then had an increasing trend. There were no deaths or thromboembolic complications in each group. The prevalence of total bleeding complications was similar between Group R and Group W (11/30, 36.7% vs. 10/30, 33.3%, P=0.79). Conclusions: Patients with NVAF receiving rivaroxaban after RFCA procedures appear to benefit from a metabolic perspective compared with warfarin, providing practical clinical reference for the choice of the anticoagulant. Rivaroxaban seems to be as safe and effective in preventing thromboembolic events as warfarin for these patients.

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Nutrient Ingestion, Protein Intake, and Sex, but Not Age, Affect the Albumin Synthesis Rate in Humans3

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Dietary protein regulates hepatic constitutive protein anabolism in rats in a dose-dependent manner and independently of energy nutrient composition

Dietary protein regulates hepatic constitutive protein anabolism in rats in a dose-dependent manner and independently of energy nutrient composition

Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise

Metabolic benefits of rivaroxaban in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients after radiofrequency catheter ablation

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